Pigments nylon

A grass-like artificial surface was installed for the first time in 1964, at Moses Brown School (Providence, Rhode Island) (1). In 1966, artificial turf was installed in the Houston Astrodome in Texas. These surfaces consisted of green pigmented, nylon-6,6 pile ribbon, with a cross-section resembling that of natural grass. Since that period, other fabrics of various pile ribbon and constmctions have continued to become available commercially for indoor and outdoor facihties. 

The quenching effect of manganese ions upon the luminescence of the anatase form of 2 has been tentatively linked to the u.v.-stabilizing effect of such species for pigmented Nylon-66.233 The photohydrolysis of aromatic polyamides,234 stabilization to u.v. of aromatic polyamides,235 the change in surface morphology of Nylon-6 fibres on u.v. irradiation,233 the photolysis of polycaprolactam 237 and kapron 238 fibres, the photolysis of the poly(ester) from 9,9-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-... 

Both can be spun-dyed. For both dyeing of fibers and fabrics mostly disperse dyes are used. Attractive colors and shades with excellent color fastness are obtained Good. Both are similar to cotton and better than rayon, better than pigmented nylon and silk, but less resistant than acrylics and polyester. Relative humidity and temperature are important High must be more resistant than cotton... 

In the calendering method, a PVC compound which contains plasticizers (qv) (60—120 phr), pigments (qv) (0—10 phr), fillers (qv) (20—60 phr), stabilizers (10—30 phr), and other additives, is kneaded with calender roUs at 150—200°C, followed by extmsion between clearance-adjusted roUs for bonding onto the substrate. This method is employed for products with thick PVC layers, ie, of 0.05—0.75 mm thickness. The main plasticizer used is di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP). For filler to reduce cost, calcium carbonate is mainly used. A woven or knit fabric made of cotton, rayon, nylon, polyester, and their blend fiber is used as substrate. For foamed vinyl-coated fabrics, the bonded materials are heated in an oven to decompose the foam-blowing... 

Mascara pigmentation is usually black or brown—black. Mascaras during and after appHcation are extremely close to the cornea, and any potential irritant must be rigidly excluded. The use of lash-elongating synthetics, such as rayon, nylon, and the like, has not resulted in significant problems. 

Other factors which can affect impact behaviour are fabrication defects such as internal voids, inclusions and additives such as pigments, all of which can cause stress concentrations within the material. In addition, internal welds caused by the fusion of partially cooled melt fronts usually turn out to be areas of weakness. The environment may also affect impact behaviour. Plastics exposed to sunlight and weathering for prolonged periods tend to become embrittled due to degradation. Alternatively if the plastic is in the vicinity of a fluid which attacks it, then the crack initiation energy may be reduced. Some plastics are affected by very simple fluids e.g. domestic heating oils act as plasticisers for polyethylene. The effect which water can have on the impact behaviour of nylon is also spectacular as illustrated in Fig. 2.80. 

Also, nylon-6 waste may be hydrolyzed in the presence of an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide or acid5 to produce an alkali metal or acid salt of 6-aminocaproic acid (ACA). The reaction of nylon-6 waste with dilute hydrochloric acid is rapid at 90- 100°C. The reaction mixture is poured into water to form a dilute aqueous solution of the ACA salt. Filtration is used to remove undissolved impurities such as pigments, additives, and fillers followed by treatment of the acid solution with a strong cation exchange resin. A sulfonic acid cationic exchanger absorbs ACA salt and pure ACA is eluted with ammonium hydroxide to form a dilute aqueous solution. Pure ACA is obtained by crystallization of die solution. 

Manufacturing dyes and pigments Core hardening of metals Nylon production Cyanogen chloride (CK) 1.25... 

PBT is easily made into fiber and monofilament and has been used in some fiber applications. For example, PBT fibers are used commercially as toothbrush bristles. Compared to PET, PBT fiber is more resistant to permanent deformation. Compared to nylon, PBT shows almost no change when exposed to moisture. PBT shows much more resistance to staining than nylon and can be colored by the use of pigments. However, PBT is more difficult to color by solution dying than nylon. PBT is not typically used in textile applications due to its perceived high price. 

Lead dichloride occurs in nature as the mineral cotunnite. The compound is used in making many basic chlorides, such as Pattison s lead white. Turner s Patent Yellow, and Verona Yellow, used as pigments. Also, it is used as a flux for galvanizing steel as a flame retardant in nylon wire coatings as a cathode for seawater batteries to remove H2S and ozone from effluent gases as a sterilization indicator as a polymerization catalyst for alpha-olefins and as a co-catalyst in manufacturing acrylonitrile. 

Chloro-ort/2o-toluidine is used as a dye intermediate in the s mthesis of Pigment Red 11, Pigment Yellow 77 and for Azoic Coupling Component 21. It is also used as a dye for cotton, silk and nylon (National Library of Medicine, 1999)... 

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