Carpet polyester

Our houses are built of wood (cellulose and lignin), sheathed with particleboard (wood chips pressed with plastic resin), wrapped with plastic sheeting, clad with siding (vinyl), and decorated with plastic shutters. Buildings with wood siding are covered with paint. Inside, water flows through plastic pipes, the floors are covered with tiles (vinyl) or carpeting (polyester, nylon), the walls are covered with wallpaper (vinyl) or painted (acrylics), and the... 

Resistance to Microorganisms and Insects. Resistance of triacetate to microorganisms, based on soil-burial tests, is high, approaching that of polyester, acryUc, and nylon fibers. Sod-burial test results on acetate, triacetate, and cotton are shown in Figure 8. Neither acetate nor triacetate fiber is readdy attacked by moths or carpet beedes. 

Textile uses are a relatively stable area and consist of the lamination of polyester foams to textile products, usually by flame lamination or electronic heat sealing techniques. Flexible or semirigid foams are used in engineered packaging in the form of special slab material. Flexible foams are also used to make filters (reticulated foam), sponges, scmbbers, fabric softener carriers, squeegees, paint appHcators, and directly appHed foam carpet backing. 

Approximately 600,000 metric tons of aluminum hydroxides were used in chemical appHcations in the United States in 1988 40% as fillers, 45% for the production of aluminum chemicals, and 15% for various other uses. Carpet backing was the principal filler type appHcation foUowed by polyester products. 

Carpet. Carpet, an important textile, may also be treated to provide water and oU repeUency however, the principal functions of the current carpet treatments are to provide soU and stain resistance. High quaUty carpets, especiaUy those made from nylon, polyester, or wool, have a significant proportion of the surface coated with fluorochemical materials. The treatments can be spray-appUed to a finished carpet or appUed directly to the fiber during the spinning or dyeing operations. Suitable fluorinated resin materials are readily avaUable from 3M or DuPont. 

Practical methods for synthesis and elucidation of the optimum physical forms were developed at Du Pont (13). The violets fill the void in the color gamut when the inorganics are inadequate. The quinacridones may be used in most resins except polymers such as nylon-6,6, polystyrene, and ABS. They are stable up to 275°C and show excellent weatherabiUty. One use is to shade phthalocyanines to match Indanthrone Blue. In carpeting, the quinacridones are recommended for polypropylene, acrylonitrile, polyester, and nylon-6 filaments. Predispersions in plastici2ers ate used in thermoset polyesters, urethanes, and epoxy resins (14). 

Polyester Fiber—Nylon Blends. This fiber blead is used ia apparel fabrics as weU as ia carpets. Disperse dyes dye both fibers, however they... 

The functional groups that typically participate in this type of polymerization are carboxyl, amine, and alcohol groups. Examples of step growth polymers include polyesters and nylons, which are often spun into fibers used to manufacture carpeting and fabrics, and polycarbonates, which are converted into compact discs, jewel cases, and the large bottles used in water coolers. 

When the new product to be manufactured is the same as what it started as, for example a new bottle made from bottle scrap, the recycling is referred to as closed-loop. When the new application is different from the starting one, the process is referred to as open-loop recycling, as is the case when the polyethylene terephthalate bottle is used to produce polyester fiber for carpeting. 

Depolymerised Carpet printing/dyeing acid, metal-complex dyes Cotton, viscose vat, direct, azoic dyes Polyester disperse dyes Nylon acid, metal-complex dyes Acrylic fibres basic dyes... 

This stretching, similar to the drawing of fibres, which promotes orientation and crystallite formation, is called biaxial orientation. It gives the film added strength and gas-barrier properties. In some processes, monoaxial (uniaxial) drawing is employed, e.g., polypropylene, which is then slit into thin strips and fabricated into heavy duty sacks, carpet backing, etc. The stenter process is used to make biaxial oriented poly(vinylidene dichloride) ("ding" film), polyester, polyamide and polypropylene films. 

Xylene Solvent, dyes, insecticides, polyester fibres, adhesives, wallpaper, varnish, carpeting, wet-process photocopying, pressed-wood products, gypsum board, water-based adhesives, grease solvents, paints, carpet adhesives. 2.9 3... 

Polyester has become a mainstay commodity material. This is one material that everyone comes in contact with daily for example, it is used in clothing, bedding, upholstery and carpeting. The first patent to cover polyesters was filed in 1941 by Whinfield and Dickson, with the material defined as a polymer formed by the combination of a diacid and a diol [1]. Following this discovery, the first commercial polyester, polyethylene 1,4-terephthalate) (PET), was produced by condensation polymerization of terephthalic acid (TA) (or dimethyl terephthalate (DMT)) as the diacid moiety and ethylene glycol as the diol. PET is now a well-known and widely utilized polymer material that is used throughout the world to manufacture films and fibers. 

For a long time, the fiber industry had been aware of PTT having desirable properties for fiber applications. In a 1971 patent [3], Fiber Industries, Inc. found PTT fiber to have a lower modulus, better bending and work recoveries than PET, and was therefore more suitable than PET for making fiberfill and carpets. Ward et al. [4] compared the mechanical properties of the three polyester fibers, and found PTT indeed had a better tensile elastic recovery and a lower modulus than both PET and PBT. These two properties are very desirable and are valued... 

Most of the PTT application developments to date have focused on textile and carpet fibers because this polyester has a combination of several properties particularly suited for such applications. 

Propanediol. Both the diol and the dicarboxylic acid components of poly-trimethylene-terephthalate, a high performance polyester fiber with extensive applications in textile apparel and carpeting, are currently manufactured from petrochemical raw materials. 

The dyeing of polypropylene fibers, being an item of research for decades, is successfully accomplished with partially stearate-modified hyperbranched polyesteramides. The long alkyl chains ensure compatibility with the polypropylene matrix. The mixing-in of hyperbranched polyesteramides via extrusion affected neither the melt spinning process nor the final polypropylene fiber properties. The modified fibers are dyeable under standard conditions as are, e.g., polyesters or cotton. They can even be used for printing for example a picture pattern on a polypropylene carpet. 

The use of synthetic polymers in building and construction is also increasing at a rapid rate. Flooring is a mixture of wood, synthetic and clad wood, carpet, and tile, all polymeric. While carpets were once derived from natural materials such as cotton and wool, today almost all of them are derived from synthetic polymers and include nylon, polyester, olefins, and polyacrylonitrile. 

Polyisoprene (rubber), chlorinated polyethylene Wood, complex silicates (cement or ceramic tile), carpet (nylon, polyester, polyolefin)... 

DuPont and Shell have developed a new polyester, poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) (structure 19.38) that is structurally similar to PET, except that 1,3-propanediol (PDO) is used in place of ethylene glycol. The extra carbon in Sorona allows the fiber to be more easily colored giving a textile material that is softer with greater stretch. Further, it offers good wear and stain resistance for carpet use. The ready availability of the monomer PDO is a major consideration with efforts underway to create PDO from the fermentation of sugar through the use of biocatalysts for this conversion. Sorona and Lycra blends have already been successfully marketed. Sorona is also targeted for use as a resin and film. 

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