Collection operations

The major ions are removed from seawater by a variety of biogeochemical processes. These processes collectively operate at slower rates than those acting on the biolimited and particle-scavenged elements, such as phosphorus and iron. This causes the major ions to spend very long periods of time dissolved in seawater before being removed to the sediments. 

The sampling operation involves collection of an aerosol sample that is representative of the particle size distribution and concentration of the sampled atmosphere. The efficiency of particle transport and collection operations are dependent on the particle size, sampling velocity, the geometry of the sampling apparatus and the properties of the collection medium. In the present work, a 37 mm diameter membrane filter (0.3 ym pore size) is the primary collection medium under evaluation. The filter is housed in a standard filter cassette and effects of filter-holder inlet geometry are also being investigated. 

We have collected operating data over a period of 15 years from four separate trickle-bed hydrotreater reactors. These four have operated with a number of different catalyst loadings, have processed a variety of feedstocks, and have operated over a wide range of average temperatures and pressures. Physical descriptions of the four reactors are given in Table I. 

Karonis, N., de Supinski. B., Foster, I.. Gropp, W., Lusk, E., Bresnahan,, 1. (20()()) Exploiting hierarchy in parallel computer networks to optimize collective operation performance In Proc. International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium. 

From Eqs. (1) and (35), we find the following relations between the atomic and collective operators... 

Substituting the relations (37) into Eq. (31), we find that in terms of the collective operators, the master equation is given by... 

We follow exactly the same route as in the preceding section, and rewrite the master equation (31) in terms of the collective operators Ay = i) ( j, where now the collective states are given in Eq. (40). First, we find that in the case of nonidentical atoms the atomic and collective operators are related by... 

In terms of the collective operators Ay the master equation can be written as... 

The battery producers are obliged to monitor and analyse the results obtained with the collecting operations. They must submit an atmual report to the authority for waste management. In practice, this regulation compels the producers to participate in the recycling process and introduces the producers responsibility . 

We have collected operation data from the partially integrated STAR fuel processor (Figure 3). Gasoline was used as a fuel in this testing at 175 kWth feed rate and we expect the maximum feed rate to be -200 kWth. The H2 efficiency and CO concentration approach equilibrium values... 

Algorithms and cost analyses for a number of collective communication operations have been discussed in some detail by Grama et al. A comprehensive performance comparison of implementations of MPI on different network interconnects (InfiniBand, Myrinet , and Quadrics ), including both micro-level benchmarks (determination of latency and bandwidth) and application-level benchmarks, has been carried out by Liu et al. A discussion of the optimization of collective communication in MPICH, including performance analyses of many collective operations, has been given by Thakur et al. ... 

Try to minimize the amount of data to be communicated in collective operations... 

Collective operations require synchronization of processes carefully consider where to put them... 

A number of the most widely used collective communication operations provided by MPI are listed in Table A.3. The collective operations have been grouped into operations for data movement only (broadcast, scatter, and gather operations), operations that both move data and perform computation on data (reduce operations), and operations whose only function is to synchronize processes. In the one-to-all broadcast, MPl Bcast, data is sent from one process (the root) to all other processes, while in the all-to-all broadcast, MPI A11 gather, data is sent from every process to every other process (one-to-all and all-to-all broadcast operations are discussed in more detail in section 3.2). The one-to-all scatter operation, MPI Scatter, distributes data from the root process to all other processes (sending different data to different processes), and the all-to-one gather, MPI Gather, is the reverse operation, gathering data from all processes onto the root. 

C bindings for some widely used MPI collective operations output parameters are underlined. All of the operations have return type int. For MPI Bcast, the... 

An MPI program, written in C, illustrating the use of the MPI collective operations MPI Scatter and MPI Reduce. The root process (process 0) scatters rows of a matrix across all processes each process then performs some computations on its own row and, finally, the sum of the results from all processes is put on the root process. 

To conclude on the case of team-safety representatives, this practice has been initiated by the labor union and supported by plant management. For the plant management and the union this practice is initiated as to increase the individual responsibility of performing safe collective operation of the metal plant. This bipartite solution is at present taking form, and the ultimate aim is to prevent a fatal accident. AU our interview respondents argued that one more fatal accident would cause a final plant close down. In this sense the team-safety representative is a vehicle for increasing the collectivity s responsibility for safe work performance. 

The project illustrated a big picture of the logistics network which includes operations on sea ports, dry port, railway, road way, and logistics services. It could be impossible to collect operational data into detailed of each process. Basically, data include distances between each node, approximate traveling lime and cost, and approximate operation time at each node. To complete the requirement, data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. 

One of the major waste management concerns across Europe is the lack of cost-competitiveness of source separation systems which aim to reach high recycling rates, as compared with the traditional mixed MSW collection. Operators, in general, think that sorting food waste leads to higher costs of the overall collection scheme. 

The numerical collective dose target for occupational radiation exposure is 1000 man-mSv/year from all anticipated operational occurrences. Section 12.4 of the EDCD (Reference 12.1) estimates the collective operational dose, including reactor operations and surveillance, routine inspection and maintenance, in-service inspection, special maintenance, waste processing, and refuelling at 219 man-mSv. This dose represents less than 25% of the collective dose target and is a significant improvement on the current UK nuclear power plant average (discussed in Reference Error Reference source not found.). 

The next step consisted in selecting the states which can be described using the collected operation data. In the last step three major fault states have been merged, thus obtaining ... 

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