Coffee Coffea canephora

The coffee plant is a relatively small tree or shmb belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It is often controlled to a height of 3 to 5 meters. Coffea arabica (milds) accounts for 69% of world production Coffea canephora (robustas), 30% and Coffea liberica and others, 1%. Each of these species includes several varieties. After the spring rains the plant produces white flowers. About sis months later the flowers are replaced by fmit approximately the size of a small cherry, hence they are called cherry. The fmit on a tree can include underripe, ripe (red, yellow, and purple color), and overripe cherries. It can be selectively picked (ripe only) or strip picked (predominantly ripe plus some underripe and overripe). 

The world s coffee supply comes primarily from two major types of coffee beans, Arabica (Coffea arabica) and Robusta (Coffea canephora), which differ in several characteristics as well as caffeine content. Arabica is favored for its finer aroma, flavor, and body, and contains 1% caffeine. Robusta is neutral and contains twice as much caffeine.1 The ratio of... 

From Coffea canephora Pierre is obtained a coffee of lower quality, more commonly spoken of as Robusta, Uganda, or Quillou. It is a vigorous tree, second in importance to C. arabica, and has taken its place where diseases and pests prevent the more delicate species from growing. It is a much larger tree, has a wide spread, and when unpruned may reach 18 to 20 feet in height. The trees are planted about 10 by 10 feet and average about 435 to the acre. 

Source Identified as a volatile constituent released by fresh coffee beans Coffea canephora variety Robusta) at different stages of ripeness (Mathieu et ah, 1998). Also identified among 139 volatile compounds identified in cantaloupe [Cucumis melo var. reticulates cv. Sol Real) using an automated rapid headspace solid phase microextraction method (Beaulieu and Grimm, 2001). 

Courtois J.E., Percheron F. and Glomaud J.C. (1963) Recherches preliminaires sur les oligosaccharides et les polysaccharides de la graine du cafe vert Coffea canephora, var robusta). 1st Int. Coll. Chem. Coffee (Paris, 20-22.5.1963), publ. in Cafe, Cacao, The, 7, 231-6. 

Methylxanthines and methyluric acids are secondary plant metabolites derived from purine nucleotides (Figure 6.59). The most well-known methylxanthines are caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) and theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), which occur in tea (Camellia sinensis. Camellia ptilophylla, and Camellia taliensis) [242,243], coffee (Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora) [244, 245], cacao (Theobroma cacao) [246], and a number of other nonalcoholic beverages of plant origin Ilex paraguariensis, Paullinia cupana. Cola species and Citrus species [247-249]... 

Bucheli, P, Kanchanomai, C., Meyer, L, Pittet, A. (2000). Development of ochratoxin A during Robusta Coffea canephora) coffee cherry drying. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 1358-1362. 

Cagliani, L. R., Pellegrino, G., Giugno, G., Consonni, R. (2013). Quantification of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora var. robusta in roasted and ground coffee blends. Talarda, 106, 169-173. 

About 80 varieties of the three coffee bean species mentioned above are known. The most important of the species Coffea arabica are typica, bourbon, maragogips and mocca and of Coffea canephora are robusta (the most common), typica, Uganda and quillon. All varieties of Coffea canephora are marketed under the common name robusta . The names of green coffees may be characteristic of the place of origin i. e. the country and the port of export. Important washed Arabica coffees are, for example, Kenyan, Tanzanian, Colombian, Salvadorian, Guatemalon or Mexican. 

No, in addition to coffee plants Coffea arabica or Coffea canephora), the tea bush Camellia sinensis) is another major source. There are... 

Many diterpenoid alcohols are cyclic compounds occurring as free substances, but also as fatty acid esters or glycosides. The toxicity of latex of many plant species from the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) is caused by the presence of phorbol esters such as 13-acetyl-12-myristoyl-phorbol. Cafestol, kahweol (8-25) and related diterpenoids (16-O-methylcafestol, 16-0-methylkahweol and other compounds) are found in green coffee Coffea spp., Rubiaceae) beans (mainly esterified to fatty acids at the C-16 or C-17 position) and unfiltered coffee prepared from roasted coffee seeds, such as Turkish coffee. Kahweol is specific to C. arabica coffee, where it occurs in concentrations of about 5890 mg/kg of fresh weight and 5200 mg/kg in the endosperm and perisperm, respectively, while 16-O-methylcafestol occurs only in robusta coffee (C. canephora). The amount of cafestol in C. arabica is about... 

The two main species of commercial interest in the genus Coffea are Coffea arabica and Coffe a canephora var. robusta. They are conveniently referred to as Arabica and Robusta, respectively. Each genus covers a number of varietals there are at least 13 varieties of Arabica coffees, for example. The genus is in the botanical family of Rubiaceae. 

The two major species of coffee grown commercially are Coffea arabica and Coffe a canephora var. robusta. For ease of reference in the following pages they are described as Arabica and Robusta, respectively. They are mentioned separately because they do show differences in their chemical composition. For example, Robusta contains approximately twice as much caffeine as Arabica. 

Coenzyme A (CoA), 20 249—250. See also Ace to acetyl- Co A in citric acid cycle, 6 633 Coenzyme Q10, 17 673 Coercivity, ofM-type ferrites, 11 70 Coextruded food packaging, 18 44, 45 Coextrusion techniques, for gelatin capsule preparation, 11 549 Cofactors, 10 253 11 4 folic acid, 25 801-802 for enzymes, 3 672-673 protein, 20 828-829 vitamin B12, 25 804 vitamins as, 25 781 Coffea arabica, 7 250 Cojfea Canephora, 7 250 Coffea liberica, 7 250 Coffee, 2 108 6 366 7 250-271 biotechnology, 7 265-267 decaffeinated, 7 263 economic aspects, 7 263-264 estimated maximum oxygen tolerance, 3 381t... 

Coffee beans are the primary source of caffeine. These beans are obtained from a variety of plants but can be broadly grouped into two classes arabica and robusta. Arabica is obtained from the species Coffea arabica and robusta from the species Cojfea canephora. Robusta, as the... 

The coffee shrub thrives in high tropical altitudes (600-1200 m) with an annual average temperature of 15-25 °C and moderate moisture and cloudiness. The shrubs start to bloom 3-4 years after planting and after six years of growth they provide a full harvest. The shrubs can bear fruit for 40 years, but the maximum yield is attained after 10-15 years. Fruit ripening occurs within 8-12 months after flowering. Only 3 of the 70 species of coffee are cultivated Coffea arabica, which provides 75% of the world s production C. canephora, about 25% and C. liber-ica and others, less than 1%. The quantity (in... 

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