Coffee shrub

Co First coffee shrubs are introduced into the Americas... 

Coste R. (1979) Improving the coffee shrub in West Africa. Food Chem. 4, 7. 

Fig. 2.36 The coffee shrub and its berries, cocoa beans and tea flowers. Shown below are the 3D molecular models of caffeine, theobromine and theophylline. The difference between the chemical structures is the number and position of methyl groups (highlighted by dark shacMng). (Authors own work and copyright-free pictures from the book Bessette, Alan E., Chapman, William K. (eds.) Plants and flowers. 1761 Illustrations for artists and designers. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1992)...

The coffee shrub thrives in high tropical altitudes (600-1200 m) with an annual average temperature of 15-25 °C and moderate moisture and cloudiness. The shrubs start to bloom 3-4 years after planting and after six years of growth they provide a full harvest. The shrubs can bear fruit for 40 years, but the maximum yield is attained after 10-15 years. Fruit ripening occurs within 8-12 months after flowering. Only 3 of the 70 species of coffee are cultivated Coffea arabica, which provides 75% of the world s production C. canephora, about 25% and C. liber-ica and others, less than 1%. The quantity (in... 

In 1979, we decided to extend our studies to one of the agroecosystems of greater Importance in Mexico the coffee plantations. These studies were realized within the Program of Agroecosystems at the-Institute Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos. We worked at the coffee plantations in Coatepec, Veracruz, which are characterized by the presence of shade trees which resemble the structure of the deciduous temperate forests, with three well defined strata the herbaceous layer, the shrub layer represented by coffee plants and the tree layer. The main objective of this study was to assess the allelopathic interactions among the species that constitute this community, in particular the coffee plants (19). 

Figure 3. Effect of the aqueous extracts of soils of the shrubs stratum (coffee) on weed growth. (1) Soil of Typioa coffee. (2) Soil of Bourbon coffee.

Thc most common ayahuasca admixture plant in use in Amazonian Peni, also used in Amazonian Ecuador and Brasil, is Psychotria viridis, in the Rubiaceae or coffee family (Schultes Hofmann 1980), Known as chacruna in Peru, and sami ruca (Kbhn 1992) or amirucapanga in Ecuador (Miller 1993), like Diplopterys cabrerana, the leaves, of this shrub are added to ayahuasca to strengthen its visionary potency (Kensinger 1973 Prance 1970 Prance Prance 1970 Prance etal 1977 Schultes 1969B "Weiss 1973). As in the case with D. cabrerana, dmt was found to be the main active ingredient in P. viridis leaves (Der Marderosian et al. 1970). From... 

Active sun/shade coffee and evergreen forest/shrub... 

The coffee plant belongs to the genus Coffea, species C. arabica, evergreen shrub or small tree, which is propagated from seed. 

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