Coffea canephora

The coffee plant is a relatively small tree or shmb belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It is often controlled to a height of 3 to 5 meters. Coffea arabica (milds) accounts for 69% of world production Coffea canephora (robustas), 30% and Coffea liberica and others, 1%. Each of these species includes several varieties. After the spring rains the plant produces white flowers. About sis months later the flowers are replaced by fmit approximately the size of a small cherry, hence they are called cherry. The fmit on a tree can include underripe, ripe (red, yellow, and purple color), and overripe cherries. It can be selectively picked (ripe only) or strip picked (predominantly ripe plus some underripe and overripe). 

Coffea canephora var. robusta was not recognized until 1895, when it was seen as the indigenous Coffea species in the African Congo. C. canephora var. robusta thrives at elevations between the tropics, where the rainfall is about 75 in. and the temperature is 60 to 80°F. Optimal rainfall and temperature conditions favored by the two species are very similar the distinction comes in the tolerance of more extreme conditions. C. canephora var. robusta can tolerate more humid conditions without being attacked by Hemileia vastatrix, for example. 

Element Symbol Coffea arabica3 Coffea canephora var. robusta3 Coffea species3... 

Tchetche, A. G., Quantitative determination of vitamin PP or niacin in Coffea canephora var. robusta by a microbiological method using Lactobacillus arabinosus, Colloq. Sci. Int. Cafe, 8, 147, 1977. (CA92 196459)... 

The world s coffee supply comes primarily from two major types of coffee beans, Arabica (Coffea arabica) and Robusta (Coffea canephora), which differ in several characteristics as well as caffeine content. Arabica is favored for its finer aroma, flavor, and body, and contains 1% caffeine. Robusta is neutral and contains twice as much caffeine.1 The ratio of... 

From Coffea canephora Pierre is obtained a coffee of lower quality, more commonly spoken of as Robusta, Uganda, or Quillou. It is a vigorous tree, second in importance to C. arabica, and has taken its place where diseases and pests prevent the more delicate species from growing. It is a much larger tree, has a wide spread, and when unpruned may reach 18 to 20 feet in height. The trees are planted about 10 by 10 feet and average about 435 to the acre. 

Source Identified as a volatile constituent released by fresh coffee beans Coffea canephora variety Robusta) at different stages of ripeness (Mathieu et ah, 1998). Also identified among 139 volatile compounds identified in cantaloupe [Cucumis melo var. reticulates cv. Sol Real) using an automated rapid headspace solid phase microextraction method (Beaulieu and Grimm, 2001). 

Ashira H, Zheng XQ, Katahira R, Morimoto M, Ogita S, Sano H. Caffeine biosynthesis and adenine metabohsm in transgenic Coffea canephora plants with reduced expression of N-methyltransferase genes. Phytochemistry 2006 67 882-886. 

Satyanarayana KV, Kumar V, Chandrasheker A, Ravishankar GA. Isolation of promoter for N-methyltransferase gene associated with caffeine biosynthesis in Coffea canephora. J. Biotech-nol. 2005 119 20-25. 

Andrade P.B., Leitao R., Seabra R.M., Oliveria M.B. and Ferreira M.A. (1998) 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid levels as a tool for differentiation of Coffea canephora var. robusta and C. arabica. Food Chem. 61 (4), 511-14. 

Courtois J.E., Percheron F. and Glomaud J.C. (1963) Recherches preliminaires sur les oligosaccharides et les polysaccharides de la graine du cafe vert Coffea canephora, var robusta). 1st Int. Coll. Chem. Coffee (Paris, 20-22.5.1963), publ. in Cafe, Cacao, The, 7, 231-6. 

Thaler H. (1970) Untersuchungen an Kaffee und Kaffee-ersatz. XIV. Polysaccharide der grunen Bohnen von Coffea canephora, var. robusta. Z. Lebensm. - Unters. Forsch. 143 (5), 342-8. 

Methylxanthines and methyluric acids are secondary plant metabolites derived from purine nucleotides (Figure 6.59). The most well-known methylxanthines are caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) and theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), which occur in tea (Camellia sinensis. Camellia ptilophylla, and Camellia taliensis) [242,243], coffee (Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora) [244, 245], cacao (Theobroma cacao) [246], and a number of other nonalcoholic beverages of plant origin Ilex paraguariensis, Paullinia cupana. Cola species and Citrus species [247-249]... 

Bucheli, P, Kanchanomai, C., Meyer, L, Pittet, A. (2000). Development of ochratoxin A during Robusta Coffea canephora) coffee cherry drying. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 1358-1362. 

Cagliani, L. R., Pellegrino, G., Giugno, G., Consonni, R. (2013). Quantification of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora var. robusta in roasted and ground coffee blends. Talarda, 106, 169-173. 

Giridhar, R Indu, E.R Vinod, K Chandrashekar, A. Ravishankar, G.A. CasteUanos-Hernandez, O.A. (2004). Direct somatic embryogenesis from Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora P. ex Fr. under the influence of ethylene action inhibitor-silver nitrate. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, Vol.26, No.3, (September 2004), p>p. 299-305, ISSN 1861-1664... 

V. Rodriguez Zapata L.C. Burgeff D Hondt C. Suarez-Solis V.M. Castano E. 2008. Expression of WUSCHEL in Coffea canephora causes ectopic morphogenesis and increases somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 94 171-180. 

Mondolot, L., La Fisca, P., Buatois, B., Talansier, E., De Kochko, A. Campa, C. (2006). Evolution in cafFeoylquinic acid content and histolocalization during Coffea canephora leaf development. Annals of Botany, 98, 33-40. 

About 80 varieties of the three coffee bean species mentioned above are known. The most important of the species Coffea arabica are typica, bourbon, maragogips and mocca and of Coffea canephora are robusta (the most common), typica, Uganda and quillon. All varieties of Coffea canephora are marketed under the common name robusta . The names of green coffees may be characteristic of the place of origin i. e. the country and the port of export. Important washed Arabica coffees are, for example, Kenyan, Tanzanian, Colombian, Salvadorian, Guatemalon or Mexican. 

No, in addition to coffee plants Coffea arabica or Coffea canephora), the tea bush Camellia sinensis) is another major source. There are... 

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