Coffee cherries

In the wet method, as practiced in Colombia, freshly picked ripe coffee cherries are fed into a tank for initial washing. Stones and other foreign material are removed. The cherries are then transferred to depulping machines which remove the outer skin and most of the pulp. However, some pulp mucilage clings to the parchment shells that encase the coffee beans. Fermentation tanks, usually containing water, remove the last portions of the pulp. Fermentation may last from twelve hours to several days. Because prolonged fermentation may cause development of undesirable flavors and odors in the beans, some operators use enzymes to accelerate the process. 

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Li and Li developed an ELISA procedure for imidacloprid to determine its residues in coffee cherry and bean extracts. A 25-g amount of sample extracted with 300 mL of methanol and 1% sulfuric acid (3 1, v/v) for 3 min. An aliquot of the sample extract (0.5 mL) is mixed with 1 mL of water and a gentle stream of nitrogen is used to evaporate methanol. The solution is then extracted with 1 mL of ethyl acetate, the extract is reconstituted in 1 mL of PBST (phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.05% Tween 20) and competitive ELISA is performed to quantify imidacloprid in the extract. Eor methanol extracts of coffee cherries and beans fortified with imidacloprid at 0.5 mgL recoveries of imidacloprid by the ELISA method were 108 and 94, respectively. 

Nagasawa. Effect of coffee cherry on the CAl 60 activation of splenic lymphocytes in mice. Anticancer Res 1997 17(2A) ... 

CA175 Nagasawa, H., M. Yasuda, S. Sakamoto, and H. Inatomi. Protection by coffee cherry against spontaneous mammary tumor development in mice. Anticancer Res 1995 15(1) 141-146. CA188... 

Willett, W. C., M. J. Stampfer, J. E. Manson, et al. Coffee consumption and coronary heart disease in women. J Am Med Ass 1996 275(6) 458-462. Nagasawa, H., M. Yasuda, S. Sakamoto, and H. Inatomi. Suppression in coffee cherry of the growth of spontaneous mammary tumors in SHN mice. Anticancer Res 1996 16(1) 151-153. Barrett, B. Medicinal plants of Nicaragua s Atlantic coast. Econ Bot... 

Inatomi. Further study on the effects of coffee cherry on spontaneous mam- CA213 mary tumourigenesis in mice effects of... 

Coffee beans Coffee cherries Erwinia dissolvens, Saccharomyces spp. Brazil, Congo, India... 

Pectinases are also used in the processing of green coffee beans to hasten the removal of the jelly which surrounds the coffee cherry. Natural fermentation may give a coffee bean of inferior quality. 

Aspergillus westerdijkiae and A. steynii (formerly included in A. ochraceus) and A. carbonarius are the major causes of ochratoxin production in green coffee. There is no evidence that these fungi invade coffee cherries before harvest. Infection occurs during handling after harvest and in the drying yard (Taniwaki et ai., 2003). 

Coffee cherries ripening on a Coffea arabica tree. 

Bucheli, P, Kanchanomai, C., Meyer, L, Pittet, A. (2000). Development of ochratoxin A during Robusta Coffea canephora) coffee cherry drying. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 1358-1362. 

Joosten, H. M. L. J., Goetz, J., Pittet, A., Schellenberg, M., Bucheli, P. (2001). Production of ochratoxin A by Aspergillus carbonarius on coffee cherries. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 65, 39-44. 

Silva, C. R, Schwan, R. R, Dias, E. S., Wheals, A. E. (2000). Microbial diversity during maturation and natural processing of coffee cherries of Cojfea arabica in Brazil. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 60, 251-260. 

CE procedures for the analysis of samples of biological origin have also been reported. Although the number of published methods remains small, a representative range of pesticides in various fruits, vegetables, and grains dyes (used as fruit fly toxicants) in coffee cherries and green roasted beans heterocyclic aromatic amines in fried beefsteak, meat... 

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