Co-poly

Polyglycol Dow Chemical Co. poly(propylene oxide) used in latex and emulsion paints... 

The successful use of crop plants as a production method for biopolymer not only depends on the amount of PHA accumulated in plants but also on the type and quality of the PHA synthesized. Since poly(3HB) is a polymer with poor physical characteristics [16], it was important to engineer plants for the synthesis of PHA co-polymers with better physical characteristics. Poly(3-hydroxybu-tyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [poly(3HB-co-3HV)] is the best studied co-poly-mer. Poly(3HB-co-3HV) has lower crystallinity, and is more flexible and less brittle than poly(3HB) homopolymer [16]. Synthesis of poly(3HB-co-3HV) in bacteria was first achieved by fermentation of R. eutropha on glucose and propionic acid [2]. For a number of years, production of poly(3HB-co-3HV),... 

Hydroarylation of alkenes is applied to achieve step-growth co-polymerization of aromatic ketones and ct,c< -dienes such as 3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3,6-disila-l,7-octadiene and 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane. Co-polymerization of acetophenone and 3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3,6-disila-l,7-octadiene is catalyzed by Ru species which has been previously activated by treatment with styrene, and a significantly high molecular weight co-polymer, co-poly(3,3,6,6-tetra-methyl-3,6-disila-l,8-octanylene/2-acetyl-l,3-phenylene), is obtained (Scheme 21 ).166... 

Direct esterification of PHBA monomer is problematic because the rate of decarboxylation is often comparable to the rate of (co)poly-merlzation (15,16). The problem seems largely overcome by two process refinements introduced here [1] Use of p-TSA apparently catalyzes esterification and more than it catalyzes formation of the undesirable by-product, phenol. [2] "Aromatic 150" solvent helps maintain constant reaction temperature and facilitates water removal. Refluxing solvent also prevents accumulation of sublimed PHBA in the upper parts of the reactor. 

CHR—CO—), polyoxy acids (—O—CHR—CO—), poly-l-alkylbuta-dienes (—CH=CH—CHR—CH2—). To the same class iKlong the polymers with two asymmetric atoms for every monomer unit, such as polysoibates (—CH=CH—CHA—CHB—, 32 and 33) where both eiythio- and thieo-diisotactic forms are chiral, or polyhexadiene (—CH=CH—CHA—CHA—) and poly-2,3-epoxybutane (—O— CHA-CHA-), 39, where only the thieo-diisotactic structures are chiral, and the polymers of some bicyclic monomers such as those shown in 41 and 42. Other examples are the polymers obtained by hydrogen transfer fk m substituted benzalacetone (79, Scheme 17) (266, 267). 

Epichloro- hydrin Epichloro- hydrin Polychrloro- methyl oxirane CO Poly(cpi- chloro hydrin) Poly[oxy- (chloro- methyl) ethylene] CH 136 40-90 18 350 251... 

In 1990, Wong disclosed in a patent literature that a propylene/CO alternating co-polymer arising from a Pd-based catalyst and (—), 5-bis(dibutylphosphinomethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxolane as a chiral ligand displayed a specific rotation of 10.4 in (CF3)2CHOH. This represents the first example of asymmetric alternating co-poly-... 

Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA 8%)-co-Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA 92%) 450... 

The chemical entrapment of TEMPO moiety in the sol-gel silica hybrid material is performed in two steps reductive amination of 4-oxo-TEMPO with 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (APTMS) followed by sol-gel co-poly-condensation of the TEMPO-funcionalized alkoxide thereby obtained with methyl-trimethoxysilane (MTMS) catalyzed by fluoride (Figure 6.2). 

Y.C. Jang and H.K. Sung, Method for preparing a homo-and co-poly-mers by polymerization of cyclic olefin compounds using fluorine-containing aromatic hydrocarbon compound as catalyst activator, US Patent 6998450, assigned to Korea Kumho Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (Seoul, KR), February 14,2006. 

In particular, a low melt strength often results in more line breaks, instability, and lower throughput rates on processing equipment, which increases the cost of the final polymer article. This lack of processability has restricted the range of applications of such co-poly(ester)s. 

Poly( ethylene glycol)-co-poly(lactone) Diacrylate Macromers and... 

Wang Y, Wei G, Wen F, Zhang X, Zhang W, Shi L (2008) Synthesis of gold nanoparticles stabilized with poly((V-isopropylacrylamide)-co-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) colloid and their application in responsive catalysis. J Mol Catal A Chem 280 1-6... 

Antithrombonic esters, including co-poly-(A,A -sebacoyl-bis-(L-leucine)-l,6-hexylene diester), (III), and polyethylene glycol derivatives, (IV), were prepared by Pacetti [3] and Hossainy [4], respectively, and used as bio-absorbable stent coatings. 

Fig. 2.1. Structure of different types of support materials for chromatography, adsorption, catalysis and solid phase synthesis, co-poly-(styrene-divinylbenzene) (pS-DVB), co-poly-(acrylamide-methyldiacrylamide) (pAA-MDA), co-poly-(methylmethacrylate-ethylene gly-coldimethacrylate) (pMMA-EDMA).

THE ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACKING OF A PBT/PBA CO-POLY(ESTER ESTER)... 

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