Epichloro hydrin

Epichlorohydnn is the common name of an industrial chemical used as a component in epoxy cement The molecular formula of epichlorohydnn is C3H5CIO Epichlorohydnn has an epoxide functional group it does not have a methyl group Write a structural formula for epichloro hydrin... 

Superose gel material of Pharmacia Biotech is a highly epichloro-hydrine cross-linked agarose matrix that has a pH range of 3-12 (short term 1-14). Hydrophilic interactions may be noticeable for lipids, peptides, and small aromatic compounds, but such interactions might even improve resolution. Superose medium is available in two different porosities Superose 6 HR 10/ 30 (bead size 13 2 /um maximum pressure 1.5 MPa) and Superose 12 HR 10/30 (bead size 10 2 /um maximum pressure 3.0 MPa). 

TABLE 16.5 Producers (Pharmacia Biotech) Specification of Fractionation Ranges of Epichloro-Hydrine Cross-Linked Agarose-Based Superose Geis... 

Prepacked columns with cross-linked high-resolution (HR) agarose gels provide a high number of theoretical plates and fast separations (29,30).The Superose gel material of Pharmacia Biotech is a highly epichloro-hydrine cross-linked... 

Alkylation of the dihydroxyacetophenone, 44, with epichloro-hydrin results in condensation of two molecules of the phenol with the latent glycerol (45). Reaction of the intermediate with ethyl oxalate affords the chromone ester, 46. Saponification leads to the bronchiodilator cromoglycic acid (47). The agent is usually administered by oral insufflation as its extremely insoluble disodium salt. 

The 1 f)-carbamovlmethvlphenoxv-2,3-epoxypropane used as starting material may be obtained as follows a mixture of 3.2 grams of p-hydroxyphenylacetamide, 25 ml of epichloro-hydrin and 6 drops of piperidine is heated at 95°-100°C for 6 hours. The mixture is cooled and filtered and the solid product is crystallized from methanol. There is thus obtained 1 -p-carbamovlmethvlphenoxy-2,3-epoxvpropane, MP 158°-160°C. 

Epoxy adhesives are cross-linked resins prepared in two steps. The first step involves SN2 reaction of the disodium salt of bisphenol A with epichloro-hydrin to form a low-molecular-weight prepolymer. This prepolymer is then "cured" into a cross-linked resin by treatment with a triamine such as H2NCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2-... 

Dispersantfor Sulfur. The deposition of elemental sulfur in conduits through which a sulfur-containing gas is flowing can be reduced by providing a sulfur dispersant. The dispersant is an adduct of a primary alcohol and epichloro-hydrin, mixed with an aliphatic amine component [554]. 

Photochemistry of Model Compounds. Preliminary photochemical studies have been carried out on l,3-diphenoxy-2-propanol (3)8 as a model compound for bisphenol A-epichloro-hydrin condensates 1. The utilization of 3 as a model compound for thermal degradation of 1 has been reported. Irradiation (254 nm) of 3 in acetonitrile (N2 purge) provides two major volatile products, which have been identified as phenol and phenoxyacetone (4), by comparison of retention times (gas chromatography) with known samples. A possible mechanism for... 

Boron trifluoride, with dimethyl ether and epichloro-hydrin to give trimethyl-oxonium tetrafluoroborate,... 

Thioetherification of PECH is feasibly performed in DA-solvents as already described in the patent (20J. For example, the highest substitution was obtained by the reaction of P(ECH-EO)(1 1 copolymer of epichloro-hydrin and ethylene oxide) and equimolar thiophenoxide in HMPA at 100°C for 10 h as DS 83% for sodium and 93% for potassium salts. The DS in our nucleophilic substitution was estimated by the elemental analysis as well as the titration of liberated chloride ion with mercuric nitrate (21). In the latter method, reacted medium was pretreated with hydrogen peroxide when the reductive nucleophiles which can react with mercuric ion were used. As described before for PVC, thiolation was also achieved conveniently with iso-thiuronium salt followed by alkaline hydrolysis without the direct use of ill-smelling thiolate. The thiolated PECH obtained are rubbery solids, soluble in toluene, methylene chloride, ethyl methyl ketone and DMF and insoluble in water, acetone, dioxane and methanol. 

Giri AK Genetic toxicology of epichloro-hydrin a review. Mutat Res 386 25-38, 1997... 

Dimethyl ether, with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and epichloro-hydrin to give trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate, 51,142... 

Epichloro- hydrin Epichloro- hydrin Polychrloro- methyl oxirane CO Poly(cpi- chloro hydrin) Poly[oxy- (chloro- methyl) ethylene] CH 136 40-90 18 350 251... 

Several 2-thienylaodiums have likewise been treated, with epoxides to obtain the corresponding 2-( -hydroryalkyl)thiophene (Eq. 801. Among the epoxides examined in this connexion are ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, styrene oxide, 1, 2-epoxy-3-butene, and. epichloro-hydrin ... 

Imai, Saegusa, Furukawa et al. (48,66) carried out kinetic studies of THF polymerization in bulk and in cyclohexane solution at 0° C. They used a ternary catalyst system consisting of AlEt3-H20(2 l)-epichloro-hydrin (ECH). They obtained high molecular weight polymer and noticed no evidence for either termination or transfer. Their polymerizations were preceded by an induction period as shown in Fig. 13 but after that their data could be fitted to an equation of the same form as equation 42. This time [f0] was defined as the concentration of propagating species ([P ]) determined from the amount and the molecular weight of product polymer. 

Both trimethyl- and triethyloxonium salts are fairly stable and can be isolated as crystalline solids. They are prepared more conveniently from the appropriate boron trifluoride etherate and chloromethyloxacyclopropane (epichloro-hydrin, see Exercise 15-56). 

The checkers obtained boron fluoride etherate and epichloro-hydrin from Eastman Organic Chemicals and redistilled each through a 23-cm. Vigreux column immediately before use. 

The claimed compound of the invention is produced by the reaction of epichloro-hydrin and bisphenol A and was well known in the art and was also known to be useful in the preparation of thermosetting epoxy resins. The claim preamble As a manufacture..., is equivalent to saying As a product of manufacture..., which in turn means that these two claims are compound claims. Although the compound was well known in the literature, it was reported in the context where it made up to 70% to 90% of a complex liquid mixture. According to the applicant s patent application specification, no method had been described that would allow the production of pure 2,2-bis-[(4)-2,3-epoxypropoxyphenyl]propane directly from a reaction mixture. Prior attempts to recover the product of the reaction resulted in, at best, a viscous liquid that adversely affected the usefulness of the product. In contrast to the prior art, applicant s methods resulted in material of sufficient purity that the compound was isolated as a free-flowing, crystalline powder. This material could be easily handled and allegedly could be used to prepare epoxy resins equal or superior to the liquid material prepared previously. 

In addition to the polymerization of dienes the versatility of NdP-based catalysts is exceptional regarding the number of different non-diene monomers which can be polymerized with these catalysts. Acetylene is polymerized by the binary catalyst system NdP/AlEt3 [253,254]. Lactides are polymerized by the ternary system NdP/AlEt3/H20 [255,256]. NdP/TIBA systems are applied in the copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epichlorhy-drine [257] as well as for the block copolymerization of IP and epichloro-hydrin [258]. The ternary catalyst system NdP/MgBu2/TMEDA allows for the homopolymerization of polar monomers such as acrylonitrile [259] and methylmethacrylate [260]. The quaternary system NdP/MgBu2/AlEt3/HMPTA is used for the polymerization of styrene [261]. 

Most reactive diluents are mono- or difunctional. They are made by reacting epichloro-hydrin with an alcohol, a phenol, or a polyol to produce a mono- or polyglycidyl ether resin. However, there are some nonepoxy diluents that are used as well. These nonepoxy diluents generally react with the curing agent or other functional groups in the epoxy chain. 

Scheme 8.11 Payne-like opening of epichloro-hydrin during syntheses of aryloxypropanola-mine beta-blockers. Pathway A shows a true Payne rearrangement [178] as it pertains to how a 2,3-epoxy alcohol becomes isomerized when treated with aqueous base. Step 1 is meant to show how the initial intermediate alkoxide first attacks the 2-position to cause an inversion of stereochemistry. Since the same process can then be repeated from the other direction (step 2), an equilibrium is eventually obtained where the preponderance of one isomer over the other is dictated by whatever other substituents may be present.

Hercules Kymene 557 is the cationic, water-soluble, wet strength resin, which conservators know because of its use in the manufacture of calcium carbonate filled P/D paper. In its synthesis, a condensation polymer of adipic acid and diethylene triamine is reacted with epichloro-hydrin to introduce reactive epoxy groups. The behavior of Kymene in dispersed fiber has been investigated by Bates (6,7). 

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