Climate variability and predictability

CliC CLIVAR CLRTAP CM CO COADS COLA COP CORP CPI CPL CPR CRC CRF CRP CRS CSD CSIRO Climate and Cryosphere (CliC) project CLImate VARiability and predictability Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Climate Model Carbon monoxide Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set Center of the Ocean-Land-Atmosphere system study Conference of the Parties Chinese Ozone Research Program Consumer Price Index Cloud Physics Lidar Continuous Plankton Recorder program Chemical Rubber Company Cloud Radiative Forcing Conservation Reserve Program Cloud Radar System Commission on Sustainable Development Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research... 

Office, which studies climate variability and predictability. 

Laidlaw, M.A.S., Mielke, H.W., Filippelli, G.M., Johnson, D.L., Gonzales, C.R., 2005. Seasonality and children s blood lead levels developing a predictive model using climatic variables and blood lead data from Indianapolis, Indiana, Syracuse, New York,... 

Laidlaw, M.A.S., Mielke, H.W., Filippelli, G.M., Johnson, D.L., Gonzales, C.R., 2005. Seasonality and children s blood lead levels developing a predictive model using climatic variables and blood lead data from Indianapolis, Indiana, Syracuse, New York, and New Orleans, Louisiana (USA). Environmental Health Perspectives, 113, 793-800. Mielke, H.W., Gonzales C., Powell E., Mielke PW, Jr. 2008. Urban soil lead (Pb) footprint Comparison of public and private housing of New Orleans. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 30, 231-242. 

CLIVAR Program of studies of the variability and predictability of climate with anthropogenic factors and interactions in the ocean-atmosphere-land system taken into account. 

Elevation predictions from tectonic models alone only provide simple guidance because topography is the product of complex reactions among climate, erosion and tectonics. Paleoelevation techniques discussed in this volume measure different aspects either directly or indirectly of topography some techniques are sensitive to local elevation, some to relief, and some rely on proxies of environmental variables. Future directions may include measurement of different variables of the tectonic-climate-erosion system independently from one another and understanding the interaction between them. From these relationships, directly or indirectly, the geodynamic processes may be further constrained. 

Considering the prospects for developments within the CLIVAR program to study climatic variability, Bolin (1999) emphasized that the IPCC was very cautious in its evaluation in order not to go beyond the conclusions known from the scientific literature, on which such evaluations were based. The key fact is that it is necessary to distinguish between what can be considered reliable and what remains uncertain. As far as the prediction of climate in the future is concerned, there are still a lot of uncertainties. This approach gave the scientific community the confidence to make concrete decisions and should be preserved in the future. 

The most promising prospect for estimation and prediction of anthropogenic SAT changes has to do with an analysis of the spatiotemporal variability of SAT fields, which takes into account the impacts of the greenhouse effect and aerosols. Realization of this approach is seriously complicated, however, by the impossibility of reliably assigning the aerosol forcing on the SAT field. Another serious problem is the necessity to take into account the impact on climate of changes in the content of stratospheric and tropospheric ozone. 

Wallace J.M. (1998). Observed climatic variability Spatial structure. In D.L.T. Anderson and J. Willebrand (eds.), Decadal Climate Variability Dynamics and Predictability. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 31-81. 

Thus, triazine movement and persistence are influenced by many factors, the interactions of which are not always easy to predict. Several models have been used as tools to estimate losses and to identify variables that will impact the rate and magnitude of loss. Considering the broad range in soil properties and climatic conditions used, some models performed well. However, modeling results and predictions are only estimates, and the fate and transport of triazines in the soil environment has been shown to be affected by many factors, including concentration, soil texture, variation in climate, and differences in tillage practices. 

The techniques described and illustrated above now enable us to predict reliably the influence of the major climatic variables upon the rate of release of All-tetradecenal from controlled release formulations under field conditions. With suitable recalibration, these methods should be applicable to any climatic conditions as well as any chemicals. A complete understanding of the release performance of a given formulation will, for the first time, permit us to interpret the results of a field treatment with the confidence that we are dealing with a biological effect, not a formulation effect. 

Hind-cast simulations of the last century have been presented by Kauker and Meier (2003) and Meier and Kauker (2003). They show inter alia how climate variability influences the intensity of saltwater inflows via river runoff. A consequent continuation was to force this model system with predicted atmospheric forcing for the end of the twenty-first century (Meier, 2006). 

Sarachik, E. S., Winton, M., and Yin, F. L. (1996). Mechanisms for decadal-to-centennial climate variability. In Decadal Climate Variability—Dynamics and Predictabilities. (D. Anderson and J. Willebrand, Eds.). NATO ASI Series I Global Environmental Change, Vol.44, 157-210. 

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