Urban soil

Carey AE, Douglas P, Tai H, et al. 1979a. Pesticide residue concentrations in soils of five United States cities, 1971-Urban Soils Monitoring Program. Pestic Monit J 13 17-22. 

Gibson, M.J. and Farmer, J.G., Multi-step sequential chemical extraction of heavy metals from urban soils, Environ. Poll. (Ser. B), 11, 117, 1986. 

EPA. 1996i. Urban soil lead abatement demonstration project. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. EPA/600/P-93/001af. 

Krueger JA, Duguay KM. 1989. Comparative analysis of lead in Maine urban soils. Bull Environ Contain Toxicol 42 574-581. 

Twelve distribution compartments are distinguished air, rivers, freshwater lakes, freshwater lake sediments, salt lakes, salt lake sediments, natural, agricultural and urban soil, groundwater, sea water, and sea water sediments. In contrast... 

HPLC-screening method calculated-PCKOC fragment method, Muller Kordel 1996) 3.40-5.33 3.80-5.40 (range, calculated from sequential desorption of 11 urban soils lit. range, Krauss... 

Laidlaw Filippelli (2008), Laidlaw et al. (2005), and Filippelli et al. (2005) have demonstrated that seasonal variations in children s blood lead levels In Syracuse, Indianapolis and New Orleans could be predicted using soil moisture and atmospheric variables suggesting that resuspension of urban soils contaminated by past use of leaded gasoline and paint were causally related to seasonal variations in blood lead. These papers concluded that urban lead contaminated soil was being re-suspended when soils were dry in the summer and autumn when... 

Laidlaw, M.A. Filippelli, G.M. 2008. Resuspension of urban soils as a persistent source of lead poisoning in children A review and new directions. Applied Geochemistry. 2008, 23, 2021-2039. 

Campanella, R. Mielke, H.W. 2008. Human geography of New Orleans urban soil lead contaminated geochemical setting. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 30, 531-540. 

Laidlaw, M.A.S., Mielke, H.W., Filippelli, G.M., Johnson, D.L., Gonzales, C.R., 2005. Seasonality and children s blood lead levels developing a predictive model using climatic variables and blood lead data from Indianapolis, Indiana, Syracuse, New York, and New Orleans, Louisiana (USA). Environmental Health Perspectives, 113, 793-800. Mielke, H.W., Gonzales C., Powell E., Mielke PW, Jr. 2008. Urban soil lead (Pb) footprint Comparison of public and private housing of New Orleans. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 30, 231-242. 

Lorenz, K., Preston, C.M., Kandeler, E. 2006. Soil organic matter in urban soils Estimation of elemental carbon by thermal oxidation and characterization of organic matter by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. Geoderma, 130, 312-323. 

Krauss, M., Wilcke, W., Zech, W. (2000). Availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to earthworms in urban soils. Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 34, pp. 4335. 

Carey AE, Wiersma GB, Tai H. 1976. Pesticide residues in urban soils from 14 United States cities, 1970. Pestic Monit J 10(2) 54-60. 

Data on urban soil from the Portland Aerosol Study (21) were used to obtain an order of magnitude comparison of source ratios to the coefficients of MN(C) in the models. If volatile carbon (21) is assumed to be approximately equal to extractable organic matter (this study) and using a 1 1 ratio for coarse to fine particle mass in New York City (based on our unpublished data), then a ratio of extractable organic matter to MN(C) of 118 can be estimated for urban soil. The coefficients for MN(C) in the models were 46 11 [equation (16)] and 70 26 [equation (19)] for CYC and ACE, respectively. This is quite reasonable agreement in view of the approximations made to obtain a ratio for the soil source. 

Yang, J., Mosby, D. E., Casteel, S. W. Blan-char, R. W. 2001. Lead immobilization using phosphoric acid in a smelter-contaminated urban soil. Environmental Science Technology, 35, 3553-3559. 

In dry climates such as South European countries, the low and infrequent precipitations hamper the wash-out and the moistening of road surface, favouring road dust resuspension by traffic-induced turbulence. Moreover additional inputs of dust come from the urban soil resuspension due to the little vegetal covering and from sporadic intensive deposition of Saharan dust outbreaks or uncontrolled construction/demolition activities. 

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