Rough skin

Given these findings, indications for salicylic acid peels include acne vulgaris (inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions), acne rosacea, melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, freckles, lentigines, mild to moderate photodamage, and texturally rough skin. 

Jessner s solution contains 14% resorcinol, 14% salicylic acid and 14% lactic acid. Jessner s solution has been used alone for superficial peeling, or in combination with TCA 35% to achieve a medium-depth peel. Increasing the number of coats applied to the treated area increases the depth and reaction induced by the Jessner s peel. These peels are well tolerated with minimal side effects in the author s practice. As with glycolic acid and salicylic acid peels, Jessner s peels are most commonly used as adjimctive therapy for moderate to severe facial dyschromias, acne, oily skin, texturally rough skin, fine wrinkles, and pseudofolliculitis barbae. 

Fig. 15.7a, b. Texturally rough skin, a manifestation of photodamage, improved by a series of five salicylic acid 2o%/3o% peels... 

Radiation adversely affects limb regeneration of amphibians, alters DNA metabolism, and increases the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and liver lesions (Table 32.25). In some species of amphibians and reptiles, as in many mammals, mortality rates after acute exposure to radiation do not stabilize within 30 days — effectively invalidating the conventional LD50 (30-day postexposure) value. In the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa), for example, the minimal LD50 dose at 200 days after irradiation was 2.5 Gy, compared with 350 Gy at 30 days (Willis and... 

Snakes, 2 species, 3-4 Gy, single acute exposure Rough-skinned newt, Tarichagranulosa] single acute exposure LD50, 90 days after exposure 3... 

Apply qhs, 20 minutes after washing rrxxlest improvement in fine wrinkling, hyperpigmentation, rough skin during the first 5-6 rrwnths-2-4 puffs bid... 

Many urodeles produce irritating or even toxic secretions in their skin glands, and some are extremely toxic. The rough-skinned noNt Taricha granulosa) is the most toxic of newts from several genera. Its dorsal skin and ovarian eggs contain the very potent tetrodotoxin. Only 0.000 05 ml of newt skin is needed for a lethal peritoneal injection in mice. The skin of one newt can theoretically kill 25 000 mice. When bothered, the newt assumes a characteristic defense posture it arches, lifts its tail and releases an odor (Brodie etal., 1974). 

The level of tetrodotoxin in the skin of a particular female rough-skin newt correlates with that in her eggs. The amounts in the eggs of one clutch vaiy little, hut there is considerable variation between clutches. These findings suggest that the mother passes on the toxin to her eggs. As the amount of toxin is not correlated with egg size, it may not be transferred automatically (passively) with maternal resources to the egg. Rather, the mother may exert some control over the amount allocated to the eggs (Hanfin etal., 2003). 

Hanfin, C. T., Brodie, E. D., Ill, and Brodie, E. D., Jr. (2003). Tetrodotoxin levels in eggs of rough-skin newt, Taricha granulosa, are correlated with female toxicity. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29,1729-1739. 

Nicotinamide deficiency leads to pellagra [pelle agra (Italian) = rough skin], which manifests itself in dermatitis (skin rash), pigmentation, a red and inflamed tongue, diarrhea, and weakness. People who consume large amounts of corn in an unbalanced diet are prone to develop the disease. 

The retention of selected isotopes by amphibians and reptiles is quite variable. For example, whole-body retention of after intraperitoneal injection in the rough-skinned newt showed two distinct loss components with biological half-lives of 2 and 210 days. The slower component accounted for 26% of the administered activity thyroid contained 78% of the total and clearly accounted for the long-term component (Willis and Valett 1971). However, similar studies with 1 and the leopard frog showed three distinct loss components (0.1 day 1.4 to 2.9 days 44.3 to 69.4 days) loss of each component was greater at 25°C than at 10°C. Also, the fast component probably represented plasma clearance through urinary excretion (Willis and Valett 1971). 

Night blindness (inability to see in dim light), conjunctival xerosis (dry and non-wettable conjunctiva), corneal xerosis (dry and non-wettable cornea and become opaque), keratomalacia (cornea becomes soft and burst open and vision is lost), Bitot s spots, growth retardation, dry and rough skin, sterility due to faulty spermatogenesis. 

But, alack, by what evil fate shall I say it came to pass, that discord should divide the Royal Family. That differences and strife should there be every day increasing The prince had red bushy hair, threatening eyes, a stem look, almost a bullock s neck, rough skin and a rapacious hand. To his playfellows always cmel, but to his sister he bore a mortal hatred. But the Princess had a face even to be envied by the Nymphs, her hair was white, but surpassed by her fairer neck, her eyes were sparkling and her countenance cheerful towards all, unless when she, as she was almost always,... 

The UV radiation causes premature skin aging. This photo-aging is characterized by wrinkles, mottled pigmentation, dry and rough skin, and loss of skin tone. Use of topical vitamin A derivatives like tretinoin can improve photo-aged skin mainly by changing epidermal differentiation.52 However, skin dryness does not improve and even worsens with retinoid therapy, as well known from its systemic and topical use in several diseases in clinical dermatology. 

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