Civilian laboratories

In the clinical charts at Edgewood, severe adverse psychologic reactions to SNA or to the cannablnolds appeared less common than one might expect from experience In civilian laboratories. If these findings were valid, they might be accounted for by subject selection procedures and special characteristics of the experimental milieu. 

The criteria described in the standard operating procedure appear to be those used either consciously or deliberately in many civilian laboratories that conduct research with psychoactive drugs with normal volunteers. It appears that the subjects actually given psy-chochemicals in these experiments were selected from an optimal pool of mentally and physically healthy persons. 

AFRRI, a tri-service laboratory chartered in 1961, conducts research in the field of radiobiology and related matters essential to the operational and medical support of the U.S. Department of Defense and the military services. The institute collaborates with other governmental facilities, academic institutions, and civilian laboratories in the United States and other countries. Its findings have broad military and civilian applications. 

Each of these laboratories is a government-owned/contractor-operated facility selected from industiy, academia, and university consortia. As of 1999, the most prominent civilian contractor was Lockheed Martin, the operator of Oak Ridge and Sandia, and the major academic institution was the University of California, administrator of Los Alamos, Lawi ence Berkeley, and Lawi ence Livermore. 

The origins of the national laboratoiy network can be traced back to the late 1940s and the beginning of the atomic age. At the end of World War II, the scientific community, particularly the staffs from the Manhattan Project laboratories, lobbied Congress for civilian control of atomic power. Toward this end, the federal government transferred authority from the Army to the newly established Atomic Energy... 

H. Bruce Wallace is currently a senior staff systems engineer for ORSA Corporation, where he is an internationally recognized expert on millimeter-wave (MMW) and sub-MMW technology. He retired as a civilian employee for the Department of the Army, with which he was most recently acting as deputy and director of the Weapons and Materials Research Directorate of the Army Research Laboratory. Pre-... 

Global nuclear material management, started at Sandia National Laboratories as a visionary concept for tying the national security benefits of materials back to proliferation prevention, arms control and civilian nuclear power. Under the leadership of Senator... 

This work has been supported by the State Foundation for Basic Research of the Ministry for Education and Science of Ukraine (grant No. 03.07/00168). The author expresses his gratitude to the U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation for financial support of his participation in the NATO-CARWC Wokrshop and Conference to the Argonne National Laboratory, Superior Graphite Co., and personally to Dr. C. Johnson and Dr. I. Barsukov, for the organizational support of the visit. 

The branch laboratory established at Yale University was given responsibility for testing the toxicity of samples prepared by the group of chemists organized by Reid. Throughout 1917, Yandell Henderson, a Yale physiologist and a consultant to the Bureau of Mines, directed the activities of the staff of about 50 civilian and military personnel at this station (24). 

Chloroacetophenone was among the many samples of possible war gases prepared by E. Emmet Reid and sent to the Bureau of Mines in 1917. Because there were no testing facilities for lachryma-tors until the central laboratory was completed, the value of this compound as a tear gas went unnoticed. It was January, 1918, before the results of the physiological tests were reported which showed chloroacetophenone to be superior to any other tear gas in use at the time (23). The Johns Hopkins University branch laboratory, in cooperation with a unit at American University then developed a method of synthesis. Although chloroacetophenone was not produced in quantity before the war ended, it became the standard tear gas used by civilian police after the war (38). 

An intriguing postscript to the Dork operation was a telegram from a civilian in Utah who wanted to share his expertise with our laboratories. Its wording raised the suspicion that his roof might have been missing a shingle or two (as they say). As far as I know, no one responded to this well-intended communication, but it seemed like an interesting piece of memorabilia, and I tucked it into the project folder. 

This Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service is awarded to Dr. Frederick R. Sidell of the Clinical Investigation Branch, Clinical Research Department, Medical Research Laboratory, Research Laboratories, Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland, for exemplary performance of duty during the period from August 1966 to February 1969. 

No moral or ethical basis exists for the exposure of human subjects to pharmacologically active agents for purposes of demonstrations. The choice of the term demonstration in the basic reference is one of the most telling arguments contained therein. Whereas no legal basis has ever been established for experimentation on humans, nevertheless the officer and civilian physicians of the Chemical Corps feel morally, ethically and professionally Justified (both as physicians, and as professional civil and military servants of the nation) in using human subjects for research in, or under the control of, the Chemical Research and Development Laboratories. Any use of LSD-25 in which we participate will be an experiment, not a demonstration. 

Government development and production of vaccines has been proposed in a bill before Gongress H.R. 4100, the National Vaccine Authority Act. The National Vaccine Authority would be established by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and would engage in research, development, and production of vaccines to protect civilians against bioterrorist attacks and other limited use vaccines, such as those that would protect travelers going to disease-endemic countries. The National Vaccine Authority would oversee a government-owned laboratory that would be operated by a private contractor to produce vaccines the private sector does not supply at current prices. 

The advent of the space age, the testing of intercontinental ballistic missiles, the use of space probes, the existence of radiation belts in outer space, and the increasing utilization of military and civilian satellites have triggered further studies on the effects of nuclear radiation on all types of materials, including expls, propints, pyrots and related materials. Nuclear radiation effects studies range from steady-state to transient environments, from ground zero to upper atmosphere levels and from underground nuclear tests to simulation techniques in the laboratory which in turn cover all phases of vulnerability and survivability... 

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