Chronic lymphoid leukemia

A similar phenomenon has also been reported in B cells derived from chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) patients in which mFas is deficient or defective. Fresh de novo CLL cells, which express low levels of mFas, are resistant to agonistic anti-Fas mAb-mediated apoptosis, while CLL cells that acquire abundant mFas after short-term culture become sensitive (T4) to such induction of apoptosis. This flexibility in production of the isoforms is expected to provide a target for selective molecular therapy of tumors on the basis of manipulating decoy action of sFas. 

F15. Foucar, K., Chronic lymphoid leukemias and lymphoproliferative disorders. Mod. Pathol. 12, 141-150(1999). 

Cheson BD, Vena DA, Barrett J, Freidlin B. Second malignancies as a consequence of nucleoside analogue therapy for chronic lymphoid leukemias. J Clin Oncol 1999 17(8) 2454-60. 

Serum Iq s in Other Lymphoid Neoplasia— Hodgkin s Disease, Reticulum Cell Sarcoma, Lymphosarcoma, and Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia... 

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents the most frequent type of leukemia in adults in the Western world (1). This disease is characterized by the accumulation of B lymphocytes in the blood stream, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and spleen. The progressive increase of these clonal B lymphocytes ultimately impairs the function of normal lymphocytes and the bone marrow leading to thrombocytopenia, anemia, and infection. 

MM = multiple myeloma ATL = adult T-cell leukemia ALL = acute lymphoblastic leukemia CLL = chronic lymphocytic leukemia FCC = follicular center cell lymphoma DLC = diffuse large cell lymphoma TRB = T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma ALCL = anaplastic large cell lymphoma MALT = mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphoma LC = lung cancer CMM = cutaneous malignant melanoma TCC = transitional cell carcinoma CSCC = cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. 

Li, S., Ilaria, R. L., Jr., Million, R. P., Daley, G. Q. and Van Etten, R. A. (1999) The P190, P210, and P230 forms of the BCR/ABL oncogene induce a similar chronic myeloid leukemia-like syndrome in mice but have different lymphoid leuke-mogenic activity. J Exp Med 189, 1399-1412. 

CLL/SLL, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma MCL, mantle cell lymphoma FL, follicular lymphoma MZL/MALT, marginal zone lymphoma/mucosa-associated lymphoid tisuse lymphoma SMZL, splenic marginal zone lymphoma HCL, hairy cell leukemia DLCL, diffuse large-cell lymphoma PCM, plasma cell myeloma BCL-1, cyclin D1 FDC MW, Follicular dendritic cell meshworks CK, cytokeratin LELs, lymphoepitheilal lesions. 

Chronic myelogenous leukemia may progress through several clinical phases. Most patients are diagnosed with CML in chronic phase. CML may then progress to accelerated phase and finally to blast crisis (either lymphoid or myeloid), which resembles acute leukemia and may be difficult to treat. 

Defective Synthesis (IgM Falls First, Then IgA, Finally IgG) Lymphoid malignancy, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia Toxic reaction (e.g., renal failure, diabetes mellitus)... 

Lymphoid Tumors. Lymphoid tumors, such as lymphomas or chronic lymphocytic leukemias, arise from less mature stages in B-lymphocyte development about one in five produce paraproteins, usually of the IgM class. 

Torelli G, Grosveld G. Chronic myeloid leukemia may be associated with several bcr-abl transcripts including the acute lymphoid leukemia-type 7 kb transcript. Blood 1990 75 1146-53. 

Lymphoid neoplasia 10% Reticulosarcoma 12% Mycosis fungoides 9% Hodgkin s disease 34% Lymphosarcoma 40% Giant follicular lymphoma 60% Chronic lymphatic leukemia Spindle cell thymoma... 

Significant reductions in lymphocyte concentration (<1000/mm of blood) can be evident without apparent cause or in a variety of diseases, including acute inflammatory disorders, severe uremia, immune deficiency diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic infections such as tuberculosis or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, malignancies, and connective tissue diseases. Lymphocytosis (>4000/mm ) may occur with mononucleosis, pertussis, measles, or chickenpox, and in lymphoid malignancies. A progressive increase in mature lymphocytes may be indicative of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Increased levels of atypical lymphocytes may occur in patients with infections (e.g., mononucleosis, hepatitis, or cytomegalovirus), allergic reactions, or lymphomas." ... 

Lopez-Giral, S., N. E. Quintana, M. Cabrerizo, M. Alfonso-Perez, M. Sala-Valdes, V. G. De Soria, J. M. Fernandez-Ranada, E. Fernandez-Ruiz, and C. Munoz. 2004. Chemokine receptors that mediate B cell homing to secondary lymphoid tissues are highly expressed in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas with widespread nodular dissemination. J Leukoc Biol 76 462-471. 

Leis J, Stepan D, Curtin P, Ford J, Peng B, Schubach S, Druker B, Maziarz R. Central Nervous System Failure in Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Lymphoid Blast Crisis and Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoma 2004 Treated with Imatinib (STI-571). Leukemia- Lymphoma 2004 45(4) 695-698. 

---