Chronic liver damage

Ulll TABLE S. 14 Chemical Compounds that Induce Chronic Liver Damage... 

Decreased serum albumin and total protein occur in chronic liver damage due to loss of synthetic capacity within the liver. 

Parola M, Leonarduzzi G, Biasi F, et al. 1992. Vitamin E dietary supplementation protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver damage and cirrhosis. Hepatology 16 1014-1021. 

Matsuo, M., Kanematsu, M., Kim, T., Hori, M., Takamura, M., Murakami, T., Kondo, H., Moriyama, N., Nakamura, H., Hoshi, H. Esophageal varices Diagnosis with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of the liver for patients with chronic liver damage. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 2003 180 461-466... 

Acute liver damage Chronic liver damage... 

In 20-25% of cases, side effects are observed, depending mainly on the dose (hypersensitivity reactions, aphthous lesions, arthralgia, nausea, fever). All in all, treatment of Wilson s disease with penicillamine is considered to be successful and safe. If jrenicill-amine is not well tolerated or if serious side effects are observed (e.g. kidney or bone-marrow damage, polyneuropathy, pemphigus), treatment must be discontinued. Penicillamine usually causes pyridoxin deficiency, so that substitution (25—40 mg/day) is recommended, particularly as chronic liver damage also leads to vitamin Bg deficiency. If necessary, electrolytes and trace elements also have to be substituted. 

Favari, L., Perez-Alvarez, V. Comparative effects of colchicine and silymarin on CCl4-chronic liver damage in rats. Arch. Med. Res. 1997 28 11-17... 

Chronic liver damage with amiodarone is much more common than acute hepatitis, but cholestatic jaundice is one of the relatively rare presentations (SEDA-19, 193) (178,179). 

Chronic liver damage (cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis) were observed in liver biopsies from eight workers heavily exposed to BHC, DDT, or both for periods ranging from 5 to 13 years. Several case reports indicate a relationship between exposure to BHC and the occurrence of aplastic anemia. It is not clear if BHC affects the ability of people to reproduce or if it causes birth defects in humans. 

Studies that have investigated inhalation of mold and mold products found that inhalation produces more potent effects than ingestion. These effects are as potent as intravenous administration. Mycotoxins upon inhalation may produce immunosuppression, carcinogenesis, cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity (including acute or chronic central nervous system damage), mucous membrane irritation, skin rash, nausea, acute or chronic liver damage, and endocrine effects. These effects may be independent of infection or stimulation of antibodies (in contrast to the Mycobacterium mycotoxins). 

Cirrhosis is the terminal stage of chronic liver damage and only occasionally follows an acute course. The most common causes of cirrhosis are ... 

Cirrhosis is the end point of both acute and chronic liver damage, as well as being caused by a number of metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Biochemical tests may be of little value in making a specific diagnosis. A liver biopsy is frequently more helpful. 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS long-term exposure may cause chronic liver damage can cause an acne-form dermatitis called chloracne can cause the skin to become sensitive to sun exposure. 

The cyclic disulfide 4(7 )-7,7-dimethyl-l,2,5-dithiazocan-6-one-4-carboxylic acid (11) has been evaluated as a potential hepatoprotective agent for the treatment of various liver injuries <91MI 925-01). It has been shown to suppress increases in serum transaminase and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities associated with tetrachloromethane and a-naphthyl isocyanate induced chronic liver damage in rodents <9lMi 925-02). It also assists in the elimination of hepatic viruses from livers of patients with chronic active hepatitis <9lMl 925-03). 

Carbohydrate metabolism disorders like hereditary fructose intolerance and galactosemia result in acute, leading to chronic, liver damage through depletion of available ATP (by depleting the total phosphate pool) as well as aberrant glycosylation [1, 2]. Gluconeogenic defects like pyruvate carboxylase or 1,6-fructose-bis-phosphatase deficiency... 

Changes in serum enzyme activity are most useful for the detection of acute liver damage but not for the detection of chronic liver damage or fetty change. 

---