Chromosome aberrations induction

Chromosome aberrations induction. Water extract of the dried leaf, in cell culture at a concentration of 15 mL, was active on... 

Sofuni, T.. Matsuoka, A.. Sawada, M., Ishidate, M., Zeiger, E., Jr Shelby, M.D. (1990) A comparison of chromosome aberration induction by 25 compounds tested by two Chinese hamster cell (CHL and CHO) systems in culture. Mutat. Res., 241, 175-213... 

T. (1996) Re-evaluation of chromosomal aberration induction on nine mouse lymphoma assay unique positive NTP carcinogens. Mutat. Res., 369, 243-252... 

M., Jr, Morita, T., Watanabe, K., Hara, M., Odawara, K., Tanaka, N., Hayashi, M. Sofuni, T. (1996) Re-evaluation of chromosomal aberration induction on nine mouse lymphoma assay unique positive NTP carcinogens. Mutat. Res., 369, 243-252... 

Micronucleus test in vitro MNT in vitro Chromosome aberrations Induction of micronuclei... 

Ballarini F, Ottolenghi A. Models of chromosome aberration induction an example based on radiation track structure. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004 104(l-4) l49-56. 

A number of studies have shown that vitamins moderate the induction of chromosomal aberrations by radiation. Vitamins C and E given orally to mice either 2 h before, immediately after, or 2 h after 1 Gy (100 rad) of y-ray TBI significantly reduce the frequencies of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations in BM cells. Vitamin E is the more effective (95). Administration of vitamins C and E within 5 min of irradiation is as effective as pretreatment. Protection by vitamin C has also been shown in humans. Whereas chronic treatment of rats using vitamin C (100 or 300 mg/(kg/d)) for six months prior to TBI protects against chromosomal aberrations, vitamin E is not radioprotective in this setting (96). 

Das P, John G. 1999. Induction of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in vivo in Etroplus suratensis (Bloch) following exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. Toxicol Lett 104 111-116. 

Dzwonkowska A, Hubner H. 1986. Induction of chromosomal aberrations in the Syrian hamster by insecticides tested in vivo. Arch Toxicol 58 152-156. 

Kowalska-Wochna E, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J, Kulikowska E, et al. 1988. The effect of orally applied aqueous solutions of lead and zinc on chromosome aberrations and induction of sister chromatid exchanges in the rat (Rattus sp). Genetica Polonice 29 181-189. 

The main problems of the study of chromosome aberrations, caused by radon and daughters at their most frequently existing dose levels, i. e. boardering the natural burdens, ares (i) to get statistical significance at very low doses, and (ii) to study their induction by internal exposure to alpha emitters only. 

Edwards, A.A., R.J. Purrott, J.S. Prosser, and D.C. Lloyd, The Induction of Chromosome Aberrations in Human Lymphocytes by Alpha-Radiation, Internat. J. Radiation Biology 38 83-91 (1980). 

Kamiguchi Y., and K. Mikamo, Dose Response Relationship for Induction of Structural Chromosome Aberrations in Chinese Hamster Oocytes After X-Irradiation, Mutation Research 103 33-37 (1982). 

Priston RA J, Dean BJ. 1985. Tests for the induction of chromosome aberrations, polyploidy and sister chromatid exchanges in rat liver (RL4) cells. In Ashby J, de Serres FJ, et al., eds. Progress in mutation research. Vol. 5. Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Elsevier Science Publishers, 387-395. 

Nitro PAHs have been shown to exhibit a large variety of biological activities. Included in these are the induction of mutations in bacterial (Table I) and eukaryotic cells (9,17,54-57), the neoplastic transformation of cultured mammalian cells (58-59), and the induction of DNA strand breaks (60), DNA repair (61-62), sister chromatid exchanges (63-64), and chromosomal aberrations (65-66). Nitro PAHs have also been demonstrated to bind cellular DNA in bacteria (67-73) and mammalian cells (74-77), to inhibit preferentially the growth of repair-deficient bacteria (78), to have recombinogenic activity in yeast (66,79-80) and to induce tumors in experimental animals (Table II). 

Krishnaja, A.P. and M.S. Rege. 1982. Induction of chromosomal aberrations in fish Boleophthalmus dussumieri after exposure in vivo to mitomycin C and heavy metals mercury, selenium and chromium. Mutat. Res. 102 71-82. 

Sofuni, T. and M. Ishidate, Jr. 1988. Induction of chromosomal aberrations in active oxygen-generating systems. I. Effects of paraquat in Chinese hamster cells in culture. Mutation Res. 197 127-132. 

Oya-Ohta, Y., Kaise, T., and Ochi, T., Induction of chromosomal aberrations in cultured human fibroblasts by inorganic and organic arsenic compounds and the different roles of glutathione in such induction, Mutat. Res., 357, 123, 1996. 

Connell, J.R. (1979). The relationship between sister chromatid exchange, chromosome aberration and gene mutation induction by several reactive polycyclic hydrocarbon metabolites in cultured mammalian cells. Ini. J. Cancer 24 485 189. 

Connell, J.R. and Medcalf, A.S. (1982). The induction of SCE and chromosomal aberrations with relation to specific base methylation of DNA in Chinese hamster cells by N-methyl-n-nitrosourea and dimethyl sulphate. Carcinogenesis 3 385-390. 

As indicated above in the section on "Genotoxic Effects", it is likely that mirex and chlordecone are tumor promoters and not tumor initiators. Initiators irreversibly alter DNA by a mutation, chromosomal aberration, or other alteration. Promoters act by facilitating the proliferation of previously initiated preneoplastic cells. One of the mechanisms for promotion is believed to involve suppression of inhibitory proliferative control through inhibition of gap-junctional-mediated intercellular communication as well as enzyme induction (Trosko et al. 1983). The results of studies to evaluate the promotional activity potential of mirex in mice indicate that mirex is a mouse skin cancer promoter but exerts this toxicity through a hitherto unknown mechanism that is different from that of phorbol esters, such as TPA (Meyer et al. 1993, 1994 Moser et al. 1992, 1993). Unlike initiation, promotion is a reversible process to a point. This implies, at least in theory, that there may be justification for setting NOAELs for promoters. 

Following the first demonstration of the deleterious effect of radiation and ultimately that of chemicals on genetic material, numerous test systems have been used to study the induction of DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, and mutations. This broad spectrum of activity resulted in the birth of genetic toxicology. The test organisms include prokaryotes (e.g., bacteria, fungi) and eukaryotes (e.g., yeast, fruit flies, plants, mammals). 

Ellingham Tj, Christensen A, Maddock MB. 1986. In vitro induction of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of the oyster toadfish and american eel. Environ Mutagen 8 555-569. 

Positive results in the in vivo mammalian spermatogonial chromosome aberration test indicate that a substance induces structural chromosome aberrations in the germ cells of the species tested. This test measures chromosome events in spermatogonial germ cells and is, therefore, expected to be predictive of induction of inheritable mutations in germ cells. 

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