China industrialization

China Industrial Resources Co Ltd, No. 64-302, Wanlian Villa, 2nd Ave. TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China http //www.circogroup.com... 

Gao, F (2008). Life cycle assessment and its apphcation in China Industry. Beijing, Beijing University of Technology. 

Beijing College of Geology and Survey, Engineering geology, Beijing China Industry Press, 1964 (In Chinese). 

Jing, Wu Kang, GABD Hike s fortune, fan, have constitutional high translation research and application of gypsum, China industry press, 1963, p7-150 A.Jarrosinski. Properties of Anhydrite Cement Obtained from Apatite Phosphogypsum. CCR. VOL, 24, 1994,p99-108... 

China Industrial Gases Industry Association (CIGIA)... 

China Industrial Reporter China Petroleum Petrochemical Equipment Industry Association CMEC International Exhibition Co., Ltd. Contibelt Systems, Inc. Continental Disc Corp. CONTROL Coming Glass Delta Cooling Towers, Inc. Diamond America Corp. Dickow Pump Company Doncasters Settas S.A. 

Market forces determine the demand for a product, and the demand will be used to forecast the sales of hydrocarbons. This will be one of the factors considered by some governments when setting the production targets for the oil company. For example, much of the gas produced in the South China Sea is liquefied and exported by tanker to Japan for industrial and domestic use the contract agreed with the Japanese purchaser will drive the production levels set by the National Oil Company. 

Worldwide furfuryl alcohol capacity in 1993 was estimated to be 110,000 metric tons (38). As with furfural, new capacity in developing countries is replacing older capacity in developed countries. China and South Africa have become significant producers of furfuryl alcohol. New plants have been built in Asia and Indonesia as well. Consumption of furfuryl alcohol is spread over the globe the largest use is in the foundry industry which is increasingly moving away from heavily industrialized countries. 

T. T. Shih and W. J. Khngebiel, paper presented to The First Shanghai International Sjmposium on Technology of Petroleum and Petrochemical Industry, May 16—20,1989, Shanghai, China. 

In 1984, the Ube Ammonia Industry Co. began operating the largest Texaco coal gasification complex to date. This faciUty is located in Ube City, Japan, and has a rated gasification capacity of 1500 t/day of coal, and production capacity of 1000 t/day of ammonia. The plant has successfully gasified coals from Canada, AustraUa, South Africa, and China. At the present time the plant uses a mixture of petroleum coke and coal (43). 

Traditional uses for ramie have been for heavy industrial-type fabrics such as canvas, packaging material, and upholstery. Increased production of the fiber in Asia, particularly China, has promoted the use in blended fabrics with silk, linen, and cotton which can now be found on the market. 

Japan and China. During the 1980s, acetylene demand in Japan suffered a significant decline. Chemical use declined from over 100,000 to 42,000 t, acetylene black production declined from 20,000 to less than 10,000 t, and industrial use went from 42,000 to 30,000 t. Thus, based on 1990 estimates, Japan has an excess capacity for acetylene production with capabiUties for 247, 000 t/yr and a demand of only 82,000 t. 

English or Persian Walnuts. Walnuts are produced in more countries than any of the other tree nuts but production figures are unrehable. The United States is the leading producer of walnuts, at 234,913 t in 1990—1991 (valued at 279,720,000). Production, mostly in Califomia and Oregon, is nearly one-half of the world total. Many countries produce substantial quantities of walnuts. The USDA considers estimates of the commercial crop more rehable than the total yearly production figures, which in 1990—1991 were 152,500 t in China, 66,000 t in Turkey, 17,000 t in India, 13,000 t in Prance, and 12,000 t in Italy. Walnuts, both in-sheU and shelled, may be imported from many countries, eg. Prance, Italy, China, Turkey, and India. Most imported walnuts are smaller than domestic walnuts and are used by the confectionery and baking industries. 

The sodium formate process is comprised of six steps (/) the manufacture of sodium formate from carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide, (2) manufacture of sodium oxalate by thermal dehydrogenation of sodium formate at 360°C, (J) manufacture of calcium oxalate (slurry), (4) recovery of sodium hydroxide, (5) decomposition of calcium oxalate where gypsum is produced as a by-product, and (6) purification of cmde oxahc acid. This process is no longer economical in the leading industrial countries. UBE Industries (Japan), for instance, once employed this process, but has been operating the newest diaLkyl oxalate process since 1978. The sodium formate process is, however, still used in China. 

Approximately two thousand years ago, Arabian scientists developed methods for the distillation of petroleum, which were introduced into Europe by way of the Arabian incursions into Spain. Petroleum, used in China since it was encountered when drilling for salt, appears in documents of the third century. The Baku region of northern Persia was also reported by Marco Polo in 1271—1273 as having a commercial petroleum industry. 

Ilmenite is more abundant than mtile. Ilmenite world suppHes are estimated to meet the requirements of the Ti02 industry into the twenty-second century. The largest sources of ilmenite are in AustraHa, Canada, South Africa, Russia, and the United States. Large, unexplored sources also exist in China. About 9 million metric tons of ilmenite are mined aimuaHy. Long-term atmospheric effects weather ilmenite into leucoxene [1358-95-8], which contains most of its iron as Fe " . The majority of the world s supply of mtile comes from the beach sands of AustraHa, Florida, India, Bra2H, and South Africa. The total worldwide supply is estimated to be about 50 million metric tons. About 0.5 million tons are mined a year. The supply should last at least until the end of the twenty-first century. 

Almost all of the world s industrial research is conducted by companies from the United States, Japan, and Europe. Companies from these areas have accelerated the global dispersion of their R D since the mid-1980s (14—16) (Eig. 2). In the twenty-first century, other R D powers will emerge from India, China, the Asia—Pacific region, and Eastern Europe, unless these areas are dismpted by social, poUtical, and environmental forces (17). 

In the gum rosin process, pine trees are wounded to stimulate the flow of gum. V-shaped slashes are cut through the bark, and the exudate is collected in a bucket below the slash. Production is stimulated by painting sulfuric acid on the slashes. The oleoresin (exudate) is separated by distillation into gum spidts of turpentine and gum rosin. The gum turpentine industry has decreased in importance in the 1990s because it is labor-intensive. The process is carried out in Russia, the People s Repubflc of China, Indonesia, Portugal, Brazil, and Mexico. 

Rosin and its derivatives are economically the most important natural resins. Approximately 1150 x 10 metric tons of these materials are produced annually and sold throughout the world. The principal producers are the People s RepubHc of China (ca 40%) and the United States (ca 25%), followed by Russia. Most of the remainder is produced in Indonesia, Portugal, Finland, India, Bra2il, and Mexico. In 1996, the lowest grades of rosin were priced at 750/t. Most rosin is converted to its many derivatives to meet requirements for industrial appHcations. The principal producers of rosin derivatives are Ari2ona Chemical Company, Hercules Incorporated, Westvaco, Union Camp, and Georgia-Pacific. 

PPG Industries precipitated United States, China, Netherlands, Taiwan, Thailand 210... 

A more abundantiy produced substance is ethanol for use in alcohoHc beverages, and as a fuel, solvent, and feedstock for organic syntheses. Ethanol (qv) production from sucrose is carried out in Europe (eg, France and the Netherlands), India, Pakistan, China, and on a very large scale in Brazil, where it is used as a motor fuel. A valuable by-product of ethanol fermentation is industrial CO2 (see Carbon dioxide). 

Among the most important changes affecting the sulfur industry during the early 1990s were those that occurred in Eastern Europe and Asia, especially in China and India. As demand for food and fertilizers increased in Asia, so did the demand for sulfur. 

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