Persian walnuts

English or Persian Walnuts. Walnuts are produced in more countries than any of the other tree nuts but production figures are unrehable. The United States is the leading producer of walnuts, at 234,913 t in 1990—1991 (valued at 279,720,000). Production, mostly in Califomia and Oregon, is nearly one-half of the world total. Many countries produce substantial quantities of walnuts. The USDA considers estimates of the commercial crop more rehable than the total yearly production figures, which in 1990—1991 were 152,500 t in China, 66,000 t in Turkey, 17,000 t in India, 13,000 t in Prance, and 12,000 t in Italy. Walnuts, both in-sheU and shelled, may be imported from many countries, eg. Prance, Italy, China, Turkey, and India. Most imported walnuts are smaller than domestic walnuts and are used by the confectionery and baking industries. 

Juglone [481-39-0] (Cl Natural Brown 7 Cl 75500) was isolated from the husks of walnuts in 1856 (50). Juglone belongs to the Juglandaceae family of which there are a number of species Jug/ans cinerea (butter nuts), J. regia (Persian walnuts), and J. nigra (black walnuts). Persian walnuts were known to the ancient Romans who brought them over from Asia Minor to Europe. As early as 1664, the American colonists knew how to extract the brown dye from the nuts of the black walnut and butternut trees, both native to eastern North America (51). 

Serotonin was synthesized in the embryo and in the cotyledons of the Persian walnut but not in the pericarp, seed coat, leaves, stems, or roots. Its source was shown to be tryptophan (134). 

Li, L., Tsao, R., Yang, R., Kramer, J.K., and Hernandez, M., Fatty acid profiles, tocopherol contents, and antioxidant activities of heartnut Juglans ailanthifolia var. cordiformis) and Persian walnut (Juglans... 

Due to the limited production and consnmption of heartnut, no actual research studies have been conducted on its health benefits, however, from the similarity of its phytochemical composition with Persian walnut [2,3] (Tables 14.1 through 14.4) and the similarly strong antioxidant activities found in our recent research [2,3], one can expect that consumption of heartnut would result in similar physiological effect. 

Total Phenolic Contents in Different Fractions of Heartnut and Persian Walnut... 

English name Persian walnut, English walnut... 

Habitat In Persian walnut forests, deciduous forests, on shady slopes, and among shrubs. 

Data on world production of nuts and oily seed include the quantity that are planted, harvested and marketed some that were harvested and marketed from unplanted trees and estimates of those that were produced but not marketed. Many of the records are incomplete. Examples of unrecorded production are vast quantities of Brazil nuts are harvested from native trees in the Amazon River basin Persian walnuts... 

Most nuts of the world come from areas where they are native. Brazil nuts come from wild trees in Brazil. Heart nuts, hickory nuts, butternuts and black walnuts grow in the Eastern United States in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains where they are native. English (Persian) walnuts come from their native home of the Himalaya Mountains in northern India. They are also planted and grown in China, the United States, Turkey, Italy and France. Pecans are native to the southern United States west of the Mississippi River. They are grown in the southern United States from coast to coast. 

The term walnut refers to several varieties of nuts. Two are of importance (1) the English walnut (Persian walnut), Juglans regia and (2) the black walnut, Juglans nigra. Of these two, the English walnut tree bears walnuts that are the most valuable commercially. 

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