Child elements

The core of the language consists of a set of data containers, or more formally elements (not to be confused with the chemical elements), the enumeration of which is ideally defined by a schema. In this example, the elements are , , , , , and . These have a clearly defined relationship to one another (illustrated above by indentation of the text). Thus the element is said to be the parent of a child element termed , and both are children of the top-level element , which can also be called the document root element. This hierarchy among elements is precisely defined and must carry no ambiguity. 

Elements can specify data or information in two ways. First, data can be contained between the start and end of any particular element,such as and numeric data, as in the example above, which uses both the CAS Registry Number, a unique identifier assigned to chemical structures by CAS (see Appendix 12-3), and a unique canonical molecule identifier known as InChl (International Chemical Identifier) (for more on InChl, see Appendix 8-1). 

The molecule element in this example contains five child elements cml metadata, cml identifier, cml atomArray, cml bondArray, and cml prop-ertyList. Of these, cml metadata, cml atomArray, and cml bondArray have no children and are empty containers, defining only attribute/value pairs, whereas cml propertyLi st has one child, cml property. The latter itself has a child cml scalar. As well as the namespace, the cml molecule element itself has two other attributes, id and title. 

Although it is not immediately apparent from mathematical notation, the parentheses never overlap. The inner parentheses are always closed before the outer ones otherwise, their meaning would not be unequivocal. According to the same logic, if a start-tag of one element is followed by the start-tag of another element, the end-tag of the second element must precede the end-tag of the first one. In short, elements in XML never overlap, a child element is always fully enclosed by its parent element. Thanks to this rule, a hierarchical structure can always be unequivocally understood from XML notation. 

Child Tax Credit CTC is a single integrated benefit paid on top of the non means-tested Child Benefit and directly to the main carer. CTC is made up of a number of elements a family element, a baby element (for families with a child under the age of one), a child element, a disabled child additional element and a severely disabled child supplement. Entitlement to CTC does not depend on employment status, but does require that the claimant be responsible for at least one child under the age of 16 (or aged 16-18 and in full-time education). 

Sanderson, I.R., Udeen, S., Davies, P.S.W., Savage, M.O. and Walker-Smith, J.A. (1987). Remission induced by an elemental diet in small bowel Crohn s disease. Arch. Dis. Child. 61, 123-127. 

Roels HA, Lauwerys R. 1987. Evaluation of dose-effect and dose-response relationships for lead exposure in different Belgian population groups (fetus, child, adult men and women). Trace Elements in Medicine 4 80-87. 

When I was a child, I had three toys that provided endless possibilities a set of wooden blocks, a set of Tinkertoys, and an Erector Set. These three toys had a lot in common. Each had a nnmber of distinct strnctnral elements that could be assembled in an amazing nnmber of ways to create something new and different. This has a direct analogy to the concept of assembling molecnles from atoms the atoms are the strnctnral elements and they can be hooked together to make molecular constructs in a great many ways. 

This therefore defines the stellar condition. Binary stars behave differently to single stars, as is clear from the case of the type la supernovas. In order to simplify, let us leave them aside for the moment and consider the case of the only child. For isolated stars, knowledge of the two other attributes, mass and metallicity, suffice to characterise its nuclear opus, that is, the amounts of the various elements that it will eventually release into space, as weU as its hfespan. 

Our very existence is dependent on a number of metals, the most common of which is iron. Some of the more important ones are described below. As essential elements, the beneficial and adverse effects of these metals have been carefully studied and recommendations developed on daily intake. These recommendations are generally very broad and can vary depending on age - child or adult, young or old - or during pregnancy. The recommended daily intakes quoted below are for adults. These recommendations are actually oral exposure levels with intestinal absorption highly variable and dependent on the metal and other variables. A quick look at a typical cereal box will demonstrate the importance placed on these elements. 

Key elements to be covered in the medication followup visit include (2) a change in target symptoms from baseline, (2) a review of side effects, (3) compliance and resistance, and (4) discussion of the concerns of the child and the parents (see Table 31.1). The medication follow-up visit also includes dosage adjustment and laboratory monitoring. Guidelines for specific disorders and medications are contained in the relevant chapters in this text. 

CHILD. Quite often the Hermetic Chemists have given this name [Enfant] to their Sulphur, but sometimes they bestow the same name upon their Mercury. The Four Children of Nature are the Four Elements, to which Mercur attaches herself in order to form all sublunary beings.. . . Alchemical Philosophers have found that this Child is formed by Nature, and that their secret operation consists of wrenching this child from its matrix or mother-lode then they nourish it with the... 

Another element that can force agreement is the use of threats. A union can threaten to strike, hoping that the firm will be deterred by the prospect of losing produaion and perhaps customers. Betting on the mother s concern for the child s wel-... 

Increased susceptibility of certain segments of the population, e.g., young children, may arise from increased tissue sensitivity, more complete absorption, altered distribution, or less developed or impaired defense mechanisms. The increased sensitivity of the child to lead toxicity is well documented (100, 101). In children, unlike the adult, renal tubular damage and encephalopathy are more common sequelae (76, 100). With arsenic exposure, children show significantly higher concentrations of the element in hair and urine than do adults (62). 

A linear approximation of the potential is certainly too sweeping a simplification. In reality, Vr varies with the internuclear separation and usually rises considerably at short distances. This disturbs the perfect (mirror) reflection in such a way that the blue side of the spectrum (E > Ve) is amplified at the expense of the red side (E < 14).t For a general, nonlinear potential one should use Equations (6.3) and (6.4) instead of (6.6) for an accurate calculation of the spectrum. The reflection principle is well known in spectroscopy (Herzberg 1950 ch.VII Tellinghuisen 1987) the review article of Tellinghuisen (1985) provides a comprehensive list of references. For a semiclassical analysis of bound-free transition matrix elements see Child (1980, 1991 ch.5), for example. 

In the time-independent formulation, the absorption cross section is proportional to (4>/(.R .E) i(R] E )) 2. Approximate expressions may be derived in several ways. One possibility is to employ the semiclas-sical WKB approximation of the continuum wavefunction (Child 1980 Tellinghuisen 1985 Child 1991 ch.5). Alternatively, one may linearly approximate the excited-state potential around the turning point and solve the Schrodinger equation for the continuum wavefunction in terms of Airy functions (Freed and Band 1977). Both approaches yield rather accurate but quite involved expressions for bound-free transition matrix elements. Therefore, we confine the subsequent discussion to a merely qualitative illustration as depicted in Figure 6.2. 

Philips has taken a different direction in the field of electrochemical fluorination. The Philips ECF process uses porous carbon electrodes and KF 2 HF as an electrolyte. Here, fluorination is effected in the pores of the anodes by electrochemically produced elemental fluorine. The process is therefore suitable for low-boiling products which are substantially insoluble in the electrolyte. The process, which has been successfully tested on the pilot scale, is reviewed by W. V. Childs in 75). 

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