Chemical industry wastes

The technology of deep-well injection has been around for more than 70 years. Most Americans would be surprised to know that there is a waste management system already in operation in the U.S. that has no emissions into the air, no discharges to surface water, and no off-site transfers, and exposes people and the environment to virtually no hazards. 1 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has stated that Class 1 wells are safer than virtually all other waste disposal practices for many chemical industry wastes. 

Givens, S.W., and Sacks. W.A.. Evaluation of carbon impregnated polyurethane foam media for biological removal of carbon and nitrogen fi-om chemical industry waste-water, Proceedings of the 42" Industrial Wastewater Conference, Purdue University,... 

Office of Industrial Technologies, U.S. Department of Energy. Olefin Recovery from Chemical Industry Waste Streams. Chemicals Project Fact Sheet, 2000. 

Organic compounds An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon carbonates, carbon oxides, and cyanides. Most organic compounds today are artificially produced chemical industry, waste combustion, and different fuels. 

Livingston, A.G., Arcangeli, J.P., Boam, T., Zhang, S., Marangon, M. and Freitas, L.M. (1998) Extractive membrane bioreactors for detoxification of chemical industry wastes process development Journal of Membrane Science, 151, 29. 

Past waste disposal sites are also important sources of chemicals, Industrial waste is a more important source of chemicals than domestic waste, Controlled waste disposal may also contaminate surface waters and groundwaters,... 

Organic Chemicals Industry Wastes Industry Description... 

Metallurgical and inorganic chemical industries waste gas scrubbing Reduction of iron ore Reduction of gold roasting Biomass pyrolysis... 

Mercury enters water eco stem from lab chemicals, industrial waste, runoff of fungicides... 

Kh, F., Kudasheva, A. D., Badikova, A. M., Musina, A., Ya. Safina. (2010). Detergent composition from organic pollutants of chemical industries waste. Oil and gas industry http //www.ogbus.rn. 

IPPC is designed to prevent, reduce and eliminate pollution at source through the prudent use of natural resources. Installations are covered where one or more of the following categories of activities are carried out (subject to certain capacity thresholds) energy industries, production and processing of metals, mineral industry, chemical industry, waste management industry and other... 

Reverse osmosis is used for desalination of seawater, treatment of recycle water in chemical plants and separation of industrial wastes. More recently the technique has been applied to concentration and dehydrogenation of food products such as milk and fruit juices. See ultrafiltralion. 

Rotary Kiln Incinerators. The rotary kiln has been used to incinerate a large variety of Hquid and soHd industrial wastes. Any Hquid capable of being atomized by steam or air can be incinerated, as well as heavy tars, sludges, pallets, and filter cakes. This abiUty to accept diverse feeds is the outstanding feature of the rotary kiln and, therefore, this type of incinerator is often selected by the chemical and waste treatment industries. 

P. A. VeUa, J. Munder, B. Patel, and B. Veronda, "Chemical Oxidation A Tool for Toxicity Reduction," Proceedings of the 47th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., 1992. 

The minerals processing industry has made contributions to all areas of technology, both in terms of products and processing. Technologies developed in the mineral industry are used extensively in the chemicals industry as well as in municipal and industrial waste treatment and recycling industry, eg, scrap recycling, processing of domestic refuse, automobiles, electronic scrap, battery scrap, and decontamination of soils. 

Contract disposal agencies offer their services to reheve the chemical industry of unwanted materials however, the cost of such disposal (primarily incineration) is high. The manufacturer should ascertain that the disposal agency employees are adequately aware of chemical ha2ards and can responsibly handle and dispose of the waste materials (see Wastes, industrial). 

In 1840, potassium was recognized as an essential element for plant growth (6). This discovery and the invention in 1861 of a process to recover potassium chloride from mbbish salt, a waste in German salt mines, started the modem potassium chemical industry (5). Potassium compounds produced throughout the world in 1993 amounted to ca 22 million metric tons as K O equivalent (4), down from ca 24 million t in 1992, having fallen annually from 32 million t in 1989 (2). Estimated production capacity was between 29 and 32 million t in 1992 (2). 

The first equation is an example of hydrolysis and is commonly referred to as chemical precipitation. The separation is effective because of the differences in solubiUty products of the copper(II) and iron(III) hydroxides. The second equation is known as reductive precipitation and is an example of an electrochemical reaction. The use of more electropositive metals to effect reductive precipitation is known as cementation. Precipitation is used to separate impurities from a metal in solution such as iron from copper (eq. 1), or it can be used to remove the primary metal, copper, from solution (eq. 2). Precipitation is commonly practiced for the separation of small quantities of metals from large volumes of water, such as from industrial waste processes. 

The section of the RCRA of most concern to the chemical industry is Subtitie C, the hazardous waste management regulations. The purpose of this section is to regulate hazardous wastes from their generation to their disposal. FaciUties that generate, treat, store, or dispose of hazardous wastes ate coveted by these regulations. 

Environmental Applications. Waste minimization can be viewed as a key to a healthy U.S. chemical industry. The two most... 

Treatment of Industrial Wastes. The alkaline nature and inexpensive price of lime make it ideal for treatment of acid waste Hquors (6), including waste pickle Hquids from steel plants, wastes from metal plating operations, eg, chrome and copper plating, acid wastes from chemical and explosives plants, and acid mine wastewaters. 

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