Recycle of scrap

Slides Map of World (to illustrate strategic factors) open-cast copper mine (to emphasise energy needed to extract ores) recycling of scrap metals, glass, building materials, etc. 

The results of studies are discussed into the co-combustion of plastics with respect to the recycling of scrap plastics from the building, packaging, automotive, electrical and electronic industries. Tests were carried out by APME on plastic waste from these end-use industries in a typical large scale EfW facility with respect to operational and environmental problems. 

Recycling of scrap tire has become an environmental concern and a challenging technical problem. Scrap tire piles frequently catch fire, which is difficult to extinguish and provide ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes and rats [4,5]. 

The recycling of scrap steel contributes 310 million tonnes to the world supply of the alloy - 750 million tonnes. It has been calculated that the energy savings are equivalent to 160 million tonnes of coal. Also, it has been calculated that the raw materials conserved are equivalent to 200 million tonnes of iron ore. 

In rheocasting, the alloy is stirred during solidification to produce a semisolid slurry, which is then injected directly into the die. This approach reduces the process complexity, allows standard casting ingots to be used as raw materials, and allows for the in-house recycling of scrap, all of which lead to a more... 

Recycle of scrap during manufacturing is conventional practice in the thermoplastics industries. At best it may be blended with virgin material and recycled in the same plant, often in the... 

Short life of car accumulators, involving their replacement and recycling of scrap-lead as a raw material. In this way developed countries are considering the scrap-lead source as lead mine , cheap to exploit and almost inexhaustible. 

At present, most attention is focussed on the direct recycling of scrap and the urban mining and subsequent recycling of end-of-life REE-containing products (Binnemans et al. 2015). 

Raw material storage and handling Materials storage and handling techniques aim at the prevention of soil and water pollution and optimisation of the internal recycling of scrap metal. 

Polymers of this type dissolve readily in a nunber of solvents and this plus high tensile without need for vulcanization provides an excellent product for use in adhesives where a strong and flexible bond is required. For other applications these products can be easily shaped using procedures common for thermoplastics yet provide elastic properties typical of nibbers at temperatures below the softening point of polystyrene. Set is low at room temperature but will of course be high if deformation occurs at elevated temperatures followed by cooling. Recycling of scrap is feasible since vulcanization is not used. 

As stated before, the secondary recycling of scrap plastics from various sources appears to be the best ecological solution, as long as it is carried out according to economic criteria. Practical success depends heavily on the cost and availability of competitive options, on one hand, and on the prices of... 

The process is used extensively for the production of yarns and fibres monofilaments and strapping for recycling of scrap polyesters in production of PET containers and soft-drink bottles engineering grades of PET and PBT for electrical, engineering and automotive applications. 

TPEs have two big advantages over the conventional thermoset (vulcanized) elastomers, which are ease and speed of processing. Other advantages of TPEs are recyclability of scrap, lower energy costs for processing, and the availability of standard, uniform grades (not generally available in thermosets). 

Limited amounts of recycle and reuse of materials from the nuclear industry have taken place in western countries. Usually it has been permitted on a case-by-case basis rather than under the terms of a generic national policy. These experiences have included unrestricted reuse/recycle of scrap metals and concrete and the reuse/recycle of metals within the nuclear industry and for specific applications outside the nuclear industry. In addition, there is experience of release of materials for disposal in public dumping grounds in many countries [4, 5, 6]. 

The history of lead is as old as the recorded history of mankind. Its use as a valuable material in society has been equally long and varied. In more recent times awareness of lead s toxicity has restricted its widespread use and many older applications have been replaced by newer materials or have been phased out. Today the use of lead is dominated by the automotive lead-acid battery, and a key feature of this application is the ability to achieve a high level of recovery and recycle of scrap batteries. This attribute now makes lead the most recycled metal in use and approaching 60 per cent of the world s supply of lead is provided by recycled metal. Secondary processing and smelting is consequently as important a part of the extractive metallurgical industry as primary extraction from ores and concentrates. 

Ronald E. Allred and Richard M. Salas. "Chemical recycling of scrap composites." Edited by Huai-Pu Chu. Environmental, Safety, and Health Considerations—Composite Materials in the Aerospace Industry. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, pp. 177-188,1994. 

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