Minerals industrial

Industrial minerals are natural minerals and rocks used as raw materials or functional additives in a wide range of manufacturing and other industries. 

The characteristics of the minerals sold depend upon the physico-chemical characteristics of the ore body from which they are extracted. Processing of the minerals before sale can be simple (mainly crushing, grinding and classifying), but may also be very sophisticated for the most expensive mineral types. 

(i960) Geology of the Industrial Rocks and Minerals. Harper and Brothers Publishers, New York. BateMANN, A.M. (1950) Economic Mineral Deposits. New York. 

) (1994) Industrial Minerals and Rocks, 6rfi eil Society for Mining Metallurgy Exploration. Chang, L.L.Y. (2002) Industrial Mineralogy. Prentice Hall, New York. 

(1992) Ore Geology and Industrial Minerals An Introduction. 3rd ed. Blackwell Science Inc. Garrett, D.E. (1998) Borates Handbook of Deposits, Processing, Properties, and Use. Academic Press, New York. Harben, P.W. (1998) Industrial MineralsHandybook. Metal Bulletin pic, London. 

Lefond, S.J. (ed.) (1975) Industrial Minerals and Rocks, 4th. ed. American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. (AIME), New York. 

Manning, D.A.C. (1995) Introduction to Industrial Minerals. Chapman Hall, New York. 

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Y. H. Chia and P. Somasundaran, in Ultrafine Grinding and Separation of Industrial Minerals, S. G. Malghan, ed AIME, New York, 1983. 

K. Tsunashima and K. Nakaya, The MewMsahi (NM) Process for Synthetic Msh Production, 5th Industrial Mineral International Conference, Madrid, 1982. 

R. D. Crozier, Sth Industrial Minerals International Congress Boston, 1988, Metal Bulletin, PLC, London, 1988, p. 59. 

Franklin Industrial Minerals Taos Country, N.M. 18,140 dry many improvements in dry and wet... 

Size reduction (qv) or comminution is the first and very important step in the processing of most minerals (2,6,10,20—24). It also involves large expenditures for heavy equipment, energy, operation, and maintenance. Size reduction is necessary because the value minerals are intimately associated with gangue and need to be Hberated, and/or because most minerals processing/separation methods require the ore mass to be of certain size and/or shape. Size reduction is also required in the case of quarry products to produce material of controlled particle size (see Size measurement of particles). In some instances, hberation of valuables or impurities from the ore matrix is achieved without any apparent size reduction. Scmbbers and attritors used in the industrial minerals plants, eg, phosphate, mtile, glass sands, or clay, ate examples. 

Although the size separation/classification methods are adequate in some cases to produce a final saleable mineral product, in a vast majority of cases these produce Httle separation of valuable minerals from gangue. Minerals can be separated from one another based on both physical and chemical properties (Fig. 8). Physical properties utilized in concentration include specific gravity, magnetic susceptibility, electrical conductivity, color, surface reflectance, and radioactivity level. Among the chemical properties, those of particle surfaces have been exploited in physico-chemical concentration methods such as flotation and flocculation. The main objective of concentration is to separate the valuable minerals into a small, concentrated mass which can be treated further to produce final mineral products. In some cases, these methods also produce a saleable product, especially in the case of industrial minerals. 

J. A. Everts and G. MacZura, Industrial Minerals Eefractory Supplement, Apr. 1983. 

S. J. Lefond, Industrial Mineral Rocks, 4th ed., American Institute of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1975. 

R. F. S. Fleming, ed.. Proceedings of the Industrial Mineral International Congress, Metallurgical Bulletin Ltd., London, 1975. 

J. B. May, Silicon MetalMarket, Canadian Industrial Minerals Conference, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Oct. 1995. 

N. I. Sax, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Minerals, 3rd ed.. Reinhold Book Corp., New York, 1968. 

Industrial Minerals and Rocks, Society of Mining Engineers, Littleton, Colo., 1994, pp. 1049—1069. 

The calcium carbonate industry is one of the most competitive of the industrial minerals industry. The market for fine products (97% <45 fim) is estimated to be between 5—9 million tons annually in the United States. The pricing is dependent on the grade which is determined by fineness, purity, and brightness it ranges from 30/kg for coarse materials to over 440/kg for some ultrafine coated or food grades (4). 

H. Ries, "Clay," in Industrial Minerals and Rocks, American Institute of Mining and MetaHurgical Engineers, Washington, D.C., 1937, pp. 207—242. 

Ind. Miner, a monthly pubHcation of Industrial Minerals Division, Metal Bulletin pic, London. 

Solenoid Franz ferro filter Electromagnet 20,000 Steel ribbons, halls 200,000 Strongly, weakly >0.01 Tramp and fine iron, ceramic slurries, industrial minerals, chemical industry... 

C-frame type Jones Electromagnet 20,000 Grooved plates 200,000 Strongly, weakly 0.01-2 Iron ores, industrial minerals... 

Marston Sala high-gradient magnetic separator Electromagnet, SI 1 percondi icting 20,000 50,000 Steel wool, expanded metal, steel halls 25x Itf Strongly to very weakly 0.0001-2 Iron ores, industrial minerals, coal, liquefied coal, wastewaters, purifiers, catalyst recovery, chemical industry... 

FIG. 19-57 TriiKK lectric separators, -S tat electrostatic separator for silica removal from industrial minerals, (Courtesy of Carpeo., Inc.)... 

Franklin Industrial Minerals General Chemical Humco... 

Mil-Spec Industries Mineral Research Shyam (India)... 

Franklin Industrial Minerals Harcros Chemicals Kemira (Finland)... 

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