Potassium chemical

In 1840, potassium was recognized as an essential element for plant growth (6). This discovery and the invention in 1861 of a process to recover potassium chloride from mbbish salt, a waste in German salt mines, started the modem potassium chemical industry (5). Potassium compounds produced throughout the world in 1993 amounted to ca 22 million metric tons as K O equivalent (4), down from ca 24 million t in 1992, having fallen annually from 32 million t in 1989 (2). Estimated production capacity was between 29 and 32 million t in 1992 (2). 

Potassium compounds commonly used in ferti1i2ers, eg, KCl and K SO, are not considered to be ha2ardous substances. Detailed information concerning health and safety precautions recommended for a specific, industrially produced potassium chemical can be obtained by contacting a manufacturer direcdy. Principal potassium chemical producers are Hsted in buyers guides pubHshed aimually by chemical trade maga2ines (52). 

Economic Aspects and Uses. Total world production of potassium products is 29,000,000 tons per year (65). Potassium chloride is removed from brine at Moab, and Wendover, Utah, and at Seades Lake, California. Potassium sulfate is made from Great Salt Lake brine by Great Salt Lake Minerals Corp., which is the largest producer of solar potassium sulfate in the wodd. Combined, these U.S. faciUties stiU produce a relatively small percentage of potash fertilizers in the wodd. Production from the Dead Sea, for example, is 10 times greater than production of potassium from brines in the United States. More than 95% of all the potassium produced is used in fertilizer blends. The remainder is converted to other potassium chemicals for industdal use (see Potassium compounds). 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Potassium Chemical Formula Kcl2(NCO)3. 

Hazardous potassium chemicals, 20 640t Hazardous waste... 

Potassium chemicals, hazardous, 20 640t Potassium chlorate... 

The breakdown of the use of potassium hydroxide is as follows potassium chemicals (35%), potassium carbonate (25%), liquid fertilizer (12%), soaps (12%), and potassium phosphates (7%). 

Rx amoxicillin, ampicillin, bacampicillin, carbenicillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, methicillin, mezlocillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, penicillin G benzathine, penicillin G potassium, penicillin Vpotassium, piperacillin, pivampicillin, pivme-cillinam, ticarcillin Penicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitors amoxicillin/ clavulanate potassium, ampicillin/sulbactam sodium, piperacillin sodium/ tazobactam sodium, ticarcillin disodium/clavulanate potassium Chemical Class Penicillin, natural... 

Applications Magnesium sulfate is utilized in the potassium chemicals industry for the manufacture of potassium sulfate (from potassium chloride), sodium sulfate and potash magnesia (potassium magnesium sulfate). Magnesium sulfate, particularly as kieserite, is used as a fertilizer (ca. 80% of total consumption). It is also used in the textile industry, in the manufacture of building and refractory materials, in the pulp industry and in the production of animal feedstuffs and motor oil additives. 

BROMOTRIFLUOROMETHANE (75-63-8) CBrFj Noncombustible gas. Can react violently with barium, sodium, and potassium chemically active metals powdered metals. The reaction with aluminumproduces a self-sustaining reaction... 

BROMOFLUOROFORM (75-63-8) Can react violently with barium, sodium, and potassium chemically active metals powdered aluminum. Contact with moisture forms hydrofluoric acid. Attacks glass, ceramics, and some plastics, rubber, and coatings in the presence of moisture. Undergoes thermal decomposition when exposed to flame or red-hot surfaces Hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acid, and smaller amounts of phosgene and carbonyl fluoride are formed. 

Potassium chemicals Chlorine Caustic soda Various metals... 

Some potassium chemicals are currently separated from sea water by fractional crystallization of the bittern from solar salt production. Several years ago the Dutch operated a process which utilized dipicrylamine to precipitate potassium from sea water, but this reagent is rather costly. We are developing a... 

Experiments were then carried out to determine the possibility of separating the potassium from the phosphate mixture and thereby making manufacture of potassium chemicals from sea water more feasible. The method investigated involved the treatment of magnesium potassium phosphate monohydrate with ammonium bicarbonate solution. The magnesium potassium phosphate was converted to magnesium ammonium phosphate, leaving a solution of potassium bicarbonate as indicated by Equation 9. 

In Table VI are given the analyses of the original magnesium potassium phosphate used in this experiment and of the treated cake. The data indicate that 98% of the K20 present in the MgKP04.H20 was extracted as soluble potassium bicarbonate, which could serve as raw material for production of various potassium chemicals. 

Calcium metasilicate post-stabilizer, emulsion polymerization Nonyl nonoxynol-8 Sodium trideceth sulfate post-stabilizer, latex paints Sodium isodecyl sulfate post-stabilizer latex, synthetic Nonoxynol-25 pot handles Phenolic resin pot life extender PEG-6 trimethylolpropane potable water Ferrous sulfate anhydrous potassium chemical mfg. 

Potassium hydroxide, like its sodium counterpart, is a versatile intermediate in the production of chemicals. Because KOH is more expensive, NaOH dominates in large-scale uses, and potassium chemicals are largely restricted to specialty markets. They are often more soluble and more reactive than the corresponding sodium chemicals, and this fact is responsible for many of their applications. Widely used derivatives include acetate, bicarbonate, bromide, cyanide, ferrocyanide, oxalate, permanganate, and phosphate. The derivative with the greatest market probably is potassium carbonate, which is discussed in Section 7.5.2.2A. 

The first approach we reject because of its effect on cell performance. We should note in passing that solutions of potassium chemicals have higher conductivities than their sodium counterparts. Prevention of current leakage is therefore somewhat more difficult in a KOH plant. 

Figure 17 explains the basic functioning of a very commonly used device known as the Pockels cell. Such a cell consists of an electro-optic crystal, often a crystal called ICD P [Potassium (chemical symbol K), Dihydrogen (deuteration is indicated by the star), Phosphate] fitted with electrodes to create an electric field within the crystal. The presence of a strong electric field (typically about 3 kV) changes the refi active index of the KD P crystal for a particular direction of polarization. Since voltages can... 

Potash (sylvite, carnalite) Fertilizer in agriculture and potassium chemicals, (e.g., soaps, detergents, dyes, explosives). 

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