Toxicity reduction

P. A. VeUa, J. Munder, B. Patel, and B. Veronda, "Chemical Oxidation A Tool for Toxicity Reduction," Proceedings of the 47th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., 1992. 

Chemical Oxidation. Chemical oxidation can be appHed ia iadustrial wastewater pretreatment for reduction of toxicity, to oxidize metal complexes to enhance heavy metals removal from wastewaters, or as a posttreatment for toxicity reduction or priority pollutant removal. 

P. W. Lankford and W. W. Eckenfelder, eds.. Toxicity Reduction in Industrial Effluents, Van Nostrand Reiohold, New York, 1990. 

Chemical, Toxicity reduction—Texas Aerohic 225 Organic COD Aerohic <2000 0.1-0.6 0.5-2.5 12-20... 

RVP VOC Control Region 1 (south) VOC Control Region 2 (north) Oxygen content, wt% Toxics reduction Benzene, vol% Sulfur, ppmw—yearly average Olefins, vol% T,- "F 7.2 psi, maximum 8.1 psi, maximum 2.0-2.7 15.0%, minimum 1.00%, maximum 100% baseline, maximum 100% baseline, maximum 100% baseline, maximum... 

Dimethyltin Rat DMTC Gestation days 7-17 at 0,5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg body weight Maternal toxicity reduction in fetal body weight reduced thymus weight in dams LOAEL=15 NOAEL=10 Noda (2001)... 

Aquatic Toxicity Test (LC50)(i) Unstabilized Bromine (ppm as Br,) STABREX (ppm as Br,) Toxicity Reduction... 

Malakul, P., Srinivasan, K., and Wang, H., Metal toxicity reduction in naphthalene biodegradation by use of metal-chelating adsorbents, Appl Environ Microbiol, 64 (11), 4610-4613, 1998. 

Wastes that fail a toxicity characteristic test are considered hazardous under the RCRA. There is less incentive for a refinery to attempt to reduce the toxicity of such waste below the toxicity characteristic levels because even though such toxicity reductions may render the waste nonhazardous, it may still have to comply with new land disposal treatment standards under Subtitle C of the RCRA before disposal. Similarly, there is little positive incentive to reduce the toxicity of listed refinery hazardous wastes because, once listed, the waste is subject to Subtitle C regulations without regard to how much the toxicity levels are reduced. 

Hazardous waste collection Hazardous waste reduction Hazardous waste toxicity reduction Hazardous waste recycling... 

Geizer, K. Source reduction quantity and toxicity. Part 6B. Toxicity reduction. In Handbook of Solid Waste Management, 2nd ed. Kreith, F., Tchobanoglous, G., Eds. McGraw-HiU NY, 2002 6.27-6.41. 

Butterworth, S.L. Granular activated carbon as a toxicity reduction technology for wastewater treatment. Proc. Am. Chem. Soc. Spring Natl. Meet. Fuel Chem. Div. 1996, 41 ), 466. 

Wong and Maroney [49] reported on a pilot plant comparison of PACT and extended aeration (activated sludge) for treating petroleum rehnery wastewater. Results indicated that although both processes performed similarly in COD removal, only the PACT system yielded an effluent meeting the discharge requirements for whole effluent toxicity reduction. Similar results in toxicity reduction have been reported for wastewaters from other industries [50]. 

Wong, J.M. Maroney, P.M. Pilot plant comparison of extended aeration and PACT for toxicity reduction in refinery wastewater. Proceedings, 44th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, West Lafayette, IN, 1989. 

Toxicity Reduction and Toxicity Identification Evaluations for Effluents, Ambient... 

Toxicity Identification Evaluation/Toxicity Reduction Evaluation What Works and What Doesn t. Pensacola, Elorida, 23 to 27 Jun 2001. Published by SETAC, 2005. 

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), eg, omeprazole, lansoprazole Irreversible blockade of H +, K+-ATPase pump in active parietal cells of stomach Long-lasting reduction of stimulated and nocturnal acid secretion Peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, erosive gastritis Half-lives much shorter than duration of action low toxicity reduction of stomach acid may reduce absorption of some drugs and increase that of others... 

Fig. 4. Inhibitory effect of chitosan on immunocompetent organ toxicity (reduction of spleen weight) induced by S-FU in sarcoma 180-bearing mice.

Fig. 12. Inhibitory effect of carp extract on gastrointestinal toxicity (reduction of the weight of the small intestine) induced by...

Baud-Gasset, F., Safferman, S. I., Baud-Gasset, S. Lamar, R. T. (1994). Demonstration of soil bioremediation and toxicity reduction by fungal treatment. In Bioremediation of Chlorinated and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds, ed. R. E. Hinchee et al., pp. 496-500. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press. 

Hsu Y-K, Holsen TM (2000) In Using models to develop air toxics reduction strategies Lake Michigan as a test case. International Joint Commission International Air Quality Advisory Board, IJC, Milwaukee, WI... 

Association of surfactant molecules onto humic substances is also termed sorption and has been given some attention. In the case of cationic alkyl trimethyl and dimeth-yldioctadecyl ammonium surfactants (Versteeg and Shorter, 1992), the presence of dissolved organic carbon in the water significantly reduced the toxicity of these compounds to fathead minnows. The effect of toxicity reduction increased with increasing hydrophobicity. For the anionic surfactant LAS, this mitigating effect was less pronounced (Traina et al., 1996). 

Toxicity reduction assessment of new treatment technology for specific industrial sectors... 

OVERVIEW OF TOXICITY REDUCTION AND IDENTIFICATION EVALUATIONS FOR USE WITH SMALL-SCALE TESTS... 

Table 1. Summary of Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE) procedures for effluents.

---