Coatings ceramic

Evans R, Smith I, Munz W D, Williams K J P and Yanwood J 1996 Raman microscopic studies of ceramic coatings based on titanium aluminum nitride ICORS 96 XVth Int. Conf. on Raman Spectroscopy ed S A Asher and P B Stein (New York Wiley) pp 596-7... 

Reversible Rubble Generation. In a two-layered pigmented polymeric layer system with ceramic coating, a bubble forms beneath the ceramic coating when heated locally (write process). For erasure, the bubble is closed again by heating the polymer close to its melting poiat (119). This development is also hampered by extensive erase times (>5 ms). 

Selective Carburi ng. In most components, it is desirable to carburize only parts of the surface. To prevent other regions from carburizing, they must be protected. For holes, simple plugs of copper may be used. In some cases, copper plating can be appHed, but diffusion into the steel must be considered, and the copper may have to be machined off later. Coatings (qv), which can be appHed as a paste and then removed after heat treatment, are also available and include copper plating, ceramic coatings, and copper and tin pastes. 

The uses of boric oxide relate to its behavior as a flux, an acid catalyst, or a chemical iatermediate. The fluxing action of B2O2 is important ia preparing many types of glass, gla2es, frits, ceramic coatings, and porcelain enamels (qv). 

Glaze coatings (58) are appHed to dry or bisque-fired clay ceramics to form a strong, impermeable surface that is aesthetically pleasing. Protective ceramic coatings can also be deposited by CVD (68,90). Plasma activated CVD has been used extensively to produce diamond and diamondlike films. Diamond films can also be used to make optical coatings with a tailored refractive index. 

For both economic and technical reasons, the most effective way to impart color to a ceramic product is to apply a ceramic coating that contains the colorant. The most common coatings, gla2es and porcelain enamels, are vitreous in nature. Hence, most appHcations for ceramic colorants involve the coloring of a vitreous material. 

A.dherence of Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic Coatings to Sheet Metal, PEI Bulletin T-17(72), Porcelaiu Enamel Institute, Washiagton, D.C., 1972. 

The second approach, that of surface coating, is more difficult, and that means more expensive. But it is often worth it. Hard, corrosion resistant layers of alloys rich in tungsten, cobalt, chromium or nickel can be sprayed onto surfaces, but a refinishing process is almost always necessary to restore the dimensional tolerances. Hard ceramic coatings such as AbO, Cr203, TiC, or TiN can be deposited by plasma methods and these not only give wear resistance but resistance to oxidation and... 

Good results are obtained with oxide-coated valve metals as anode materials. These electrically conducting ceramic coatings of p-conducting spinel-ferrite (e.g., cobalt, nickel and lithium ferrites) have very low consumption rates. Lithium ferrite has proved particularly effective because it possesses excellent adhesion on titanium and niobium [26]. In addition, doping the perovskite structure with monovalent lithium ions provides good electrical conductivity for anodic reactions. Anodes produced in this way are distributed under the trade name Lida [27]. The consumption rate in seawater is given as 10 g A ar and in fresh water is... 

If the rf source is applied to the analysis of conducting bulk samples its figures of merit are very similar to those of the dc source [4.208]. This is also shown by comparative depth-profile analyses of commercial coatings an steel [4.209, 4.210]. The capability of the rf source is, however, unsurpassed in the analysis of poorly or nonconducting materials, e.g. anodic alumina films [4.211], chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-coated tool steels [4.212], composite materials such as ceramic coated steel [4.213], coated glass surfaces [4.214], and polymer coatings [4.209, 4.215, 4.216]. These coatings are used for automotive body parts and consist of a number of distinct polymer layers on a metallic substrate. The total thickness of the paint layers is typically more than 100 pm. An example of a quantitative depth profile on prepainted metal-coated steel is shown as in Fig. 4.39. 

Artificial fibres Hardwearing Not resistant to hot splashes Ceramic coating of fibres... 

A typical storage water heater consists of a steel tank that is lined with ceramic coating fused to the inside of the tank at high temperature during manufacturing. 

Ceramic-coated disposable inserts, including silicon nitride, boron nitride, titanium nitride (TIN), titanium carbide (TIC) and sintered synthetic diamond ... 

---