584-08-7 potash

In old native American cultures, potash from certain plants was used as a protection against putrefaction of foodstuffs. 

Fertilizers are usually designated with three numbers that indicate, respectively, the nitrogen, phosphate, and potash contents. Traditionally, the P content is expressed as %P205 (= 2.29 x %P) and the K content as %K20 (= 1.20 X %K). Thus, a 20-3-4 fertilizer contains 20% N, 3% P as P2O5, and 4% potassium as K2O. About 95% of all potash produced goes into fertilizers. 

When chlorides are undesirable (e.g., where excess Cl tends to accumulate in the soil as in the Netherlands or in arid, irrigated regions, or where a Cl -sensitive crop such as grapes is grown), KCl is converted to K2SO4 by various methods. 

This illustrates the general principle that a nonvolatile powerful pro-tonator (H2SO4, b.p. 290-317°C) will displace a volatile weaker acid (hydrogen chloride, b.p. —85 °C) on heating. 

Alternatively, KCl can be converted to KNO3, which obviously has high fertilizer value  

The nitrosyl chloride is oxidized separately with air to NO2 and thence to HNO3, so that the net reaction becomes 

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C7H6O2 Oily liquid of aromatic odour b.p. 196°C. (t is prepared by the action of chloroform and caustic potash on phenol (the Reimer-Tiemann reaction) or by the oxidation of the glucoside salicin. It is easily reduced to salicyl alcohol or oxidized to salicylic acid. 

Saponification (number) NFT60-110 ISO 6293 ASTM D 94 Reaction with potash and analysis of excess... 

Ethylene can be similarly prepared by the action of ethanolic potash on ethyl bromide, but the yield is usually very low. 

To obtain the free acid, the ester is hydrolysed by ethanolic potash to the dipotassium salt, which is converted into the insoluble silver salt. A hot aqueous... 

Collidine 2i5 d carboxylic acid. Boil a mixture of 5 g. of the ester (II) and 50 ml. of 15% ethanolic potash under reflux for 30 minutes. The dipotassium salt crystallises during the boiling and during the subsequent cooling. Filter off the potassium salt at the pump and wash it with a small quantity of ethanol. Dilute the filtrate with about an equal volume of ether to precipitate a further small crop of the salt. Yield of combined crops 4 5 g. from 5 g. of the estei (I). 

The main stem of the nitrometer widens into a bulb and then narrows to form a graduated tube. The usual graduation is of 8 ml. in o o2 ml. divisions. The graduations continue to the tap Tj at the top of the stem. Above Tj there is a small reservoir H to prevent splashing of the concentrated alkali when gas is expelled from the nitrometer and also to ensure that a small excess of potash is left as a liquid seal above the tap T ,. 

The combustion. The tap T2 is closed, T3 opened and the reservoir J raised (Fig. 87), to make sure that no air has been collected at the top of the nitrometer tube a small quantity of potash is left in H when tap T3 is closed and the reservoir J then lowered again. The carbon dioxide generator is switched off and tap T2 slowly turned on until it is fully opened. 

If only the monocarboxybc acid is required, the ester after hydrolysis with potash may be strongly acidified with sulphuric acid and the mixture heated under reflux the mineral acid promotes decarboxylation at a temperature just above 100°. The net result is the replacement of the halogen atom of the alkyl halide by —CH COOH thus in the above example ... 

The last example is an interesting application of the diene synthesis, for the adduct upon dehydrogenation (most simply by the action of oxygen upon its solution in alcoholic potash) yields 2 3-dimethylantbraquinone. 

English, potash - pot ashes L.. kalium, Arab qali, alkali) Discovered in 1807 by Davy, who obtained it from caushc potash (KOH) this was the first metal isolated by electrolysis. 

Certain minerals, however, such as sylvite, carnallite, langbeinite, and polyhalite are found in ancientlake and sea beds and form rather extensive deposits from which potassium and its salts can readily be obtained. Potash is mined in Germany, New Mexico, California, Utah, and elsewhere. Large deposits of potash, found at a depth of some 3000 ft in Saskatchewan, promise to be important in coming years. 

The greatest demand for potash has been in its use for fertilizers. Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and is found in most soils. 

Caulks Caustic Caustic baryta Caustic extraction Caustic fusion Caustic magnesia Caustic potash Caustic soda... 

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