Catalysts Chemicals Division

CATALOX , aluminum oxide, 37 Catalysts Chemicals Division, 211 Catechol, 37 Caustic potash, 37 Caustic soda, 37... 

The ammonolysis of phenol (61—65) is a commercial process in Japan. Aristech Chemical Corporation (formerly USS Chemical Division of USX Corporation) currently operates a plant at Ha verb ill, Ohio to convert phenol to aniline. The plant s design is based on Halcon s process (66). In this process, phenol is vapori2ed, mixed with fresh and recycled ammonia, and fed to a reactor that contains a proprietary Lewis acid catalyst. The gas leaving the reactor is fed to a distillation column to recover ammonia overhead for recycle. Aniline, water, phenol, and a small quantity of by-product dipbenylamines are recovered from the bottom of the column and sent to the drying column, where water is removed. 

The submitter obtained methyltri-n-octylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) from General Mills Company, Chemical Division, Kankakee, Illinois. The phase-transfer catalyst used by the checkers, which was supplied by Fluka AG through Tridom Chemical Inc., was a mixture in which the alkyl chains varied in length from re-octyl to re-decyl with the former predominating. 

The FCC process is the most common conversion unit in use today. As such, it is important to determine the performance of an FCC when feeding hydrotreated shale oil. The two 650° F+ feeds shown in Table VI were evaluated in an FCC pilot plant operating in a fixed fluidized-bed mode. The catalyst was withdrawn from an operating commercial FCC unit. It is a zeolite catalyst, CBZ-1, produced by Davison Chemical Division of W. R. Grace and Company and is moderately active as well as contaminated with metals. 

When a homogeneous catalyst, that is an enzyme, is immobilized there are in principle three different approaches [3]. The enzyme can be adsorbed onto a carrier, it can be encapsulated in the carrier, or it can be covalently attached to the carrier. In an extreme case of covalent attachment the enzyme can be cross-linked, making a carrier uimecessary. The choice of immobiUzation method and carrier can greatly influence the properties of the immobiUzed enzyme, ideally improving them. To date many excellent reviews [5-13] and even comprehensive books [14] on the topic of enzyme immobiUzation have been written. Many of these reviews and books use their own division of approaches they range from three to eight and can also include membrane techniques. In order to ease the comparison with chemical catalysts, a division according to reference [3] was chosen. This chapter aims to demonstrate, with examples from the research performed within the COST D25 Action, the importance of the area under discussion. 

The catalyst is available from Englehardt Industries, Inc., Chemical Division, Newark, New Jersey. The activity appears to vary slightly with different lots. Other catalysts, such as palladium, platinum, and ruthenium on various supports, or Raney nickel, were found to be much less satisfactory or completely ineffective. 

Catalyst Research Division 1, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Taejon 305-600, Korea Department of Chemical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea... 

The Calco Chemical Division of American Cyanamid, formed in 1939, was synonymous with the industrial production of the triaminotriazine melamine (101), and of the polymeric thermosetting resins that also bear its name. Polymeric melamine is converted by the action of heat or catalysts, or both, into insoluble infusible solids, which are odorless, tasteless and generally inert chemically. 

Nickel catalysts (a), Raney type. The Raney Catalyst Division and the Davison Chemical Division of W. R. Grace and Co. supply an identical 50% sponge nickel catalyst prepared by the method of Raney by leaching 1 1 nickel-aluminum alloy with alkali. The catalyst is similar to the W-catalysts described in the next section. Harshaw Chem. Co. supplies similar nickel catalysts. Universal Oil Products Co. catalyst kieselguhr pellets are reduced with hydrogen and pulverized before use (.see Org. Syn., Coll. Vol., 3,278 (1955). 

One of the basic types of controls exercised over the nation s industry during the Korean action was the Controlled Materials Plan (CMP). Under CMP, steel, copper, and aluminum were allocated to industry. The Chemical Division was responsible for allocating these basic materials to manufacturers of 16 groups of chemical products such as paint, catalysts, and plastics. On July 1, 1953, CMP was replaced by the Defense Materials System (DMS). 

A similar catalyst is also supplied by Girdler Catalysts, Chemical Products Division, Chemetron Corp., Louisville, Kentucky 40201. 

B.V., Catalysts and Chemical Division, PO Box 19, 3454 ZG De Meern, The Netherlands Heraeus, Chemical Catalysts, Postfach 1553, D-63450 Hanau 1, Germany Johnson Matthey, Process Catalysts, Orchard Road, Royston, Hertfordshire SG8 5HE, UK. They also have a substantial know-how about which type of catalyst is the most suitable for a specific problem. Our experience has shown that it is of advantage to search for or optimize a suitable catalyst in close collaboration with the catalyst suppliers. This is especially true for the development of technical processes and/or when the development team has little hydrogenation experience. Catalyst screening and development should always be performed with specified catalysts that can be supplied in technical quantities when needed. For laboratory use, Fluka and Aldrich Inorganics offer a wide variety of hydrogenation catalysts that are adequately suited for preparative purposes, although the catalyst manufacturer and the exact type of catalyst is not usually specified. 

The theory can now be applied for the interpretation of some experimental results obtained for the vapour phase hydrodesulphurisation of thiophene over a commercial altmina supported cobalt-molybdate catalyst, COMOX 1661 manufactured by Laporte Industries Ltd., General Chemicals Division, Widnes,... 

Humphries, A. and Wilcox, J.R., "Zeolite Components and Matrix Composition Determine FCC Catalyst Performance", Akzo Catalysts Courier, Chemical division. North America, Spring (1990). 

In August 1988, the Catalysts, Adsorbents, and Process Systems (CAPS) business of Union Carbide was merged into a new venture operating under the name UOP. Molecular sieves offered by UOP are basically the same materials as those formerly provided by Union Carbide. Several other companies now offer molecular sieves, including Zeochem and the Davison Chemicals Division of W.R. Grace Company. 

In the 1930s, the Raschig Co. in Germany developed a different chlorobenzene-phenol process in which steam with a calcium phosphate catalyst was used to hydrolyze chlorobenzene to produce phenol (qv) and HCl (6). The recovered HCl reacts with air and benzene over a copper catalyst (Deacon Catalyst) to produce chlorobenzene and water (7,8). In the United States, a similar process was developed by the BakeHte Division of Union Carbide Corp., which operated for many years. The Durez Co. Hcensed the Raschig process and built a plant in the United States which was later taken over by the Hooker Chemical Corp. who made significant process improvements. 

Acknowledgements—This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, the National Science Foundation, the Robert A. Welch Foundation, and used equipment designed for study of fullerene-encapsulated catalysts supported by the Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences. 

Catalytic transformations can be divided on the basis of the catalyst-type - homogeneous, heterogeneous or enzymatic - or the type of conversion. We have opted for a compromise a division based partly on type of conversion (reduction, oxidation and C-C bond formation, and partly on catalyst type (solid acids and bases, and biocatalysts). Finally, enantioselective catalysis is a recurring theme in fine chemicals manufacture, e.g. in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates, and a separate section is devoted to this topic. 

Wang, Z.-X., Zhang, H.-Y. Guo, A.-j., et al., Study on hydrogen donation ability of residue hydrocracking system catalyzed by oil-soluble and water-soluble catalysts. Preprints of Symposia - American Chemical Society, Division of Fuel Chemistry, 1998. 43(3) pp. 530-533. 

A real breakthrough towards the reliable industrial application of a catalyst is represented by the development of a new rhodium (Rh)-based catalyst, manufactured by the E-Tek division [3] of DeNora North America. This has demonstrated an ability to overcome substantially the above-mentioned problems of chemical attack. 

GTyd2i o y V. M., M. M. Ermilova, L. D. Gogua and S. I. Zavodchenko. 1980. Gas permeability of composite membrane catalysts. Bulletin Academy Sciences USSR, Division of chemical sciences 29(4) 529-32. 

Spencer, M.S. Waugh, K.C. Whan D.A. In "The Activity of Cu/ZnO/Al 0 Methanol Synthesis Catalysts" ACS SYMPOSIUM ON METHANOL SYNTHESIS CATALYSTS, Division of Fuel Chemistry American Chemical Society Philadelphia, 1984. 

The functional properties are divided according to a completely different pattern. Enzymic properties are functional ones because the action of the catalyst is, per se, a nonnutri-tional one. In certain cases, when enzymes are added to foods as in vivo digestion aids, they might be considered metabolic enhancers. Otherwise, when used externally to prepare products possessing more utile chemical and physical characteristics, the digestive nature is indubitably a functional property. It must be noted, however, that enzyme functionality usually is not studied in conjunction with the other functionalities, but is a distinct and separate branch of biochemistry involved in functional evaluation. Theoretically, a more scientific division of the functional properties could be made into molecular and non-molecular ones. (Enzymic properties would then be a division of the former.) However, traditional lines already have been set and the proposed division is closer to present research d i sci piines. 

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