Recycling open loop

FIGURE 9.15 An illustration of open-loop recycling of PET into fiberfill. 

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Figure 6-49. PI plus open-loop recycle trip strategy.

It has been observed that the value of the combined closed-loop PI control and the open-loop recycle trip control justifies its use on all turbocompressors. 

When the new product to be manufactured is the same as what it started as, for example a new bottle made from bottle scrap, the recycling is referred to as closed-loop. When the new application is different from the starting one, the process is referred to as open-loop recycling, as is the case when the polyethylene terephthalate bottle is used to produce polyester fiber for carpeting. 

The PVC Disaster we consume too much Environmental Physical properties Closed vs open loop recycling Biodegradable ... 

Often the processes to gain recycled materials cause lower impacts than the production of virgin materials and, thus, the benefits from recycling are reflected in the assessment of closed loop recycling. If a material is down-cycled, e.g. thermoplastics or fibers in reinforced polymers, it could not be used again for the same application. A calculation of these recycling benefits leads to open loop recycling. 

Klopffer W (1996) Allocation rule for open-loop recycling in life cycle assessment - a review. Int J Life Cycle Assessment 1(1) 27-31... 

Open-loop recycling refers to a system in which a product s raw material is broken down to be used in a second, often unrelated product system (see Figure 6.1). Generally, the second product will not be recycled and instead be disposed of at the end of its life (Curran, 2012). For this reason, OLR is a worthy reuse of the first product s virgin materials and reduces the need to consume virgin materials in the manufacture of the... 

Examples of apparel companies utilising open-loop recycled yarns... 

As described above, collection of pre-consumer waste is advanced in apparel manufacturing, with an estimated 75% of offcuts collected. While this waste may be open-loop recycled into other products, it is less common to find apparel companies utilising the recycled waste in apparel. The clothing brand Esprit, stocked in... 

To delineate, all economic inputs and outputs need to be traced back to environmental inputs and outputs starting from the functional unit. This creates a natural border between the product system and the environmental system. The chain of processes is only broken when there is recycling to or from other product systems (open-loop recycling). The treatment of emissions in the environmental system is not a part of the product system that produced them it must be considered as an individual system. 

In open-loop recycling, two Uves of the plastic are very different as shown in Figure 9.15. 

Li Shen EW, Patel MK. Open-loop recycling a LCA case study of PET bottle-to-fibre recycling. Resour Conserv Recycl 2010 55 (l) 34-52. 

Waste management Current MSW management practice Composting Digestion Optimised MSWI plant Current MSW management practice DSD (blast furnace) Open-loop- recycling Optimised MSWI plant... 

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