Material defined

Like X-ray and electron diffraction, neutron diffraction is a technique used primarily to characterize crystalline materials (defined here as materials possessing long-range order). The basic equation describing a diffraction experiment is the Bra equation ... 

When considering relea.se mechanisms, the physical and chemical heterogeneity of the adhesive/release interface cannot be ignored. At its most basic level, roughness of the release and PSA surface, the stiffness of the PSA and the method in which the PSA and release surface are brought together define the contact area of the interface. The area of contact between the PSA and release material defines not only the area over which chemical interactions are possible, but al.so potential mechanical obstacles to release. In practice, a differential liner for a transfer adhesive can be made to depend in part on the substrate roughness for the differences in release properties [21],... 

Reservoir (box, compartment). An amount of material defined by certain physical, chemical... 

Finally, a word on terminology. Many AI methods learn by inspecting examples, which come in a variety of forms. They might comprise a set of infrared spectra of different samples, the abstracts from a large number of scientific articles, a set of solid materials defined by their composition and their emission spectrum at high temperature, or the results from a series of medical tests. In this text, we refer to these examples, no matter what their nature, as "sample patterns."... 

Polyester has become a mainstay commodity material. This is one material that everyone comes in contact with daily for example, it is used in clothing, bedding, upholstery and carpeting. The first patent to cover polyesters was filed in 1941 by Whinfield and Dickson, with the material defined as a polymer formed by the combination of a diacid and a diol [1]. Following this discovery, the first commercial polyester, polyethylene 1,4-terephthalate) (PET), was produced by condensation polymerization of terephthalic acid (TA) (or dimethyl terephthalate (DMT)) as the diacid moiety and ethylene glycol as the diol. PET is now a well-known and widely utilized polymer material that is used throughout the world to manufacture films and fibers. 

The measurement of intrinsic radiation sensitivity of various materials (defined by 0, Gis) or G(x)), in one laboratory correlates well with meas-urenients made in other laboratories. Measurement of lithographic sensitivity, on the other hand, is not nearly as precise. The literature is pervaded by papers describing resist sensitivity simply in terms of dose per unit area without the relevant experimental details. Interpretation of such results and their utility in comparing one resist with another demands extreme caution. 

Compressive strength is the pressure required to crush a material defined as... 

The nature of the material defines the tensile strength (0), while the wall thickness defines the maximum pressure (pmax) difference that the sphere can withstand ... 

Figure 4.2 Schematic two dimensional illustration of the material defined by the supercell in Fig. 4.1, showing 25 replicas of the supercell outlined hy the thick lines. The shaded (white) regions indicate places in space occupied by atoms (vacuum).

Mode Locking. The two mirrors which are placed in the axis of the active material define the resonator of the laser. The light waves which are built up in the active material must be stationary waves in the cavity, so that the allowed wavelengths are given by eqn. (7.5) (see also Figure 7.14). 

Figure 2.2. Derivation of the standard neutron diffraction expression, Equation (2.SI). It is supposed that neutron plane waves proceed from the left and can be represented by the function eikz and impinge on a slab of material whose faces are defined by z = 0 and z = t. Consider an infinitesimal slice of this material defined by z=u> and z = co + da> and a ring of this slice confined between p and p + Ap where p is the radius of this ring. The wave function at z, a point on the axis of the ring and to the right of the slab will now, using the equations in the text, be given by Equation (2.48). Using the manipulations shown in the text, one then arrives at Equation (2.SI).

Mechanistic considerations based on product studies form the early stages of the bit-by-bit development. The structure of the product, along with that of the starting material, defines the chemical reaction and is the starting point for mechanistic investigations. After the structures of the products of a reaction have been determined, paper mechanisms can be drawn these are mechanistic hypotheses, based as much as possible on precedents and analogies, on which further experimental investigations can be based. Unexpected results are of particular interest. 

In Clause (A), the byproduct material defined in Section 11(e)(2) of AEA (1954) essentially is uranium or thorium mill tailings. LLRWPAA contains a similar definition, except transuranic waste is not excluded. Thus, the two laws differ in regard to whether transuranic waste is distinct from low-level waste. 

NRC has statutory authority to define radioactive materials as low-level waste, consistent with existing law, but has not done so. Given that NRC can only regulate radioactive materials defined in... 

Issues of dual regulation also arise in management and disposal of waste that contains NAEM and waste classified as hazardous under RCRA. This type of waste is subject to dual regulation essentially because the definition of hazardous waste developed by EPA under RCRA (EPA, 1980b) does not include NARM waste (Section 4.2.1.2). Waste that contains NARM can be regulated under RCRA only if it is specifically included in the definition of hazardous waste, even though the exemption of radioactive materials defined in AEA from regulation under RCRA does not apply to NARM. 

Although NARM is not a radioactive material defined in AEA, DOE is responsible for management and disposal of NARM waste generated by any of its authorized activities, based on the provision of AEA that all DOE activities must be protective of public health and safety (AEA, 1954). Current DOE policy specifies that NARM waste is to be managed as mixed waste under AEA and RCRA or TSCA (1976) if the waste is hazardous under either of the latter two laws (DOE, 1999c). Thus, all issues that arise in management and disposal of DOE s mixed low-level waste (see Section 4.3.3) also apply to DOE s mixed NARM waste. 

Hazardous chemical waste is defined in RCRA regulations as a solid waste that exhibits the characteristic of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity, or is a specifically listed waste. The definition of hazardous waste specifically excludes radioactive material (source, special nuclear, or byproduct material) defined in AEA. 

The term mixed waste refers mainly to waste that contains radionuclides regulated under AEA and hazardous chemical waste regulated under RCRA. Mixed waste is subject to dual regulation as a result of the exclusion of radioactive materials defined in AEA from regulation under RCRA. Dual regulation of mixed waste also extends to waste that contains NARM and hazardous chemicals, since NARM waste is not defined as a hazardous waste under RCRA, and to... 

The International Practical Temperature Scale is the basis of most present-day temperature measurements. The scale was established by an international commission in 1948 with a text revision in 1960. A third revision of the scale was formally adopted in 1990 and is reproduced in Table 3.158. Reproducible temperature points have been established by physical constants of readily available materials define the scale. 

Materials define the face of society. Initially, since prehistoric times - and to this day - materials were selected amongst those available in nature. These included, besides stones and metals, basic ingredients obtained from plants, crops, and animals in the form of, for example, wood, flax, wool, and leather. Materials use was a skills-based activity perfected by artists and guild-members handed from one generation to the next. 

The real and imaginary parts of the refractive index n quantify the scattering and absorption (or amplification) properties of a material- The refractive index is besfl derived from the susceptibility tensor y of the material, defined below, whi j describes the response of a macroscopic "system to incident radiation [212], Spe fically, an incident electric field E(r, t), where r denotes the location in the medium, tends to displace charges, thereby polarizing the medium. The change in dmd(r, the induced dipole moment, from point r to point r + dr is given in terms of th polarization vector P(r, t), defined as... 

Iodolactonization has a similar mechanism notice how in these two examples the geometry of the double bond in the starting material defines the relative stereochemistry highlighted in black in the product. 

They add syn whether the double bond is E or Z, and, by redrawing the second example in a different conformation, you can see how defining the geometry of the starting material defines which dia stereo isomer of the product is obtained. 

Spontaneously ignitable materials 1K1 in Bretherick s book 1 1 are listed in Table 4.13. However, spontaneously ignitable materials defined here contain not only those which ignite spontaneously in contact with air at room temperature as defined in the Fire Service Law but also those which ignite spontaneously when stored in air for a long time. 

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