Vinylidene dichloride

Vinylidene dichloride film Epoxidised soya bean oil Acetyl tribntyl citrate... 

This stretching, similar to the drawing of fibres, which promotes orientation and crystallite formation, is called biaxial orientation. It gives the film added strength and gas-barrier properties. In some processes, monoaxial (uniaxial) drawing is employed, e.g., polypropylene, which is then slit into thin strips and fabricated into heavy duty sacks, carpet backing, etc. The stenter process is used to make biaxial oriented poly(vinylidene dichloride) ("ding" film), polyester, polyamide and polypropylene films. 

Films of polyolefins, polyamides and poly(vinylidene dichloride) are made using this technique. As most of the films are used for flexible packaging, further down-stream surface treatments are usually applied to improve performance. For example, aqueous polymer emulsions, e.g., poly(vinylidene dichloride), or delaminated clay particles improve the barrier properties as will metallising with aluminium vapour. Corona discharge, causing slight surface oxidation, improves printability. 

Polyvinylidene chloride is produced by polymerization of vinylidene dichloride, as shown in Figure 4.38. The chlorine content can be as high as 73% versus 57% for PVCs. 

Figure 4.38. Vinylidene dichloride, polyvinylidene chloride formulae...

Synonyms AI3-28804 BRN 1733365 CCRIS 622 1,1-DCE 1,1-Dichloroethene asym-T> -chloroethylene NCI-C54262 RCRA waste number U078 Sconatex UN 1303 VDC Vinyl-idene chloride Vinylidene chloride (II) Vinylidene dichloride Vinylidine chloride. 

Anderson, D., Hodge, M.C.E. Purchase, I.F.H. (1977) Dominant lethal studies with the halogenated olefins vinyl chloride and vinylidene dichloride in male CD-I mice. Environ. Health Perspect., 21, 71-78... 

Vinylidene dichloride induced mutations in Salmonella T. and Escherichia c. (loc. cit). 

Halogen-containing fibers namely modacrylics fibers are typically copolymers of vinyl chloride or vinylidene dichloride and acrylonitrile. Although these fibers do not melt-flow or drip, they shrink rapidly when exposed to the fire. Because of this, the best use of modacrylic fibers is in blends. 

We will choose the example of elastane films for food wrapping— ClingFilm . These can be made from poly(vinylidene dichloride) (this is poly(l,l-dichloroethene)) into which a small amount of vinyl chloride is co-polymerized. The method is radical polymerization and the initiator usually a peroxide in aqueous suspension. 

PTV PU PVA PVAC PVAL PVC PVDC PVDF PVE PVF PXRD py Py PY Py-GC-MS pyr pyrr pz programmed-temperature vaporizer polyurethane poly (vinyl alcohol) poly(vinyl acetate) poly (vinyl alcohol) poly (vinyl chloride) poly(vinylidene dichloride) poly(vinylidene difluoride) poly (vinyl ether) poly(vinyl fluoride) powder X-ray diffraction pyridine (ligand) pyridine pyramidal (coordination compounds) pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry pyrazine (ligand) pyrrolidine (ligand) pyrazole (ligand)... 

SYNS CHLORURE de VINYLIDENE (FRENCH) 1-1-DCE 1,1-DICHLOROETHENE 1,1-DICHLORO-ETHYLENE NCI-C54262 RCRA WASTE NUMBER U078 SCONATEX VDC VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE (II) VINYLIDENE DICHLORIDE VINYLIDIKE CHLORIDE... 

Synonyms 1,1-Dichloroethylene 1,1-Dichloroe-thene Vinylidene dichloride Sconatex Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class Vinylidene chloride is an unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbon. 

Polymerization continues adding vinyl chloride or vinylidene dichloride more or less at random. At first, several dichloroalkene molecules will add, simply because there are more of them. 

VINYLIDENE DICHLORIDE (75-35-4) Forms explosive mixture with air (-18°F/ —28°C). Inhibitors such as the monomethyl ether or hydroquinone must be added to prevent polymerization. Readily forms explosive peroxides with air or contaminants (a white deposit may indicate the presence of explodable peroxides). Violent polymerization from heat or on contact with oxidizers, chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid, or oleum or under the influence of oxygen, sunlight, copper, or aluminum. Violent reaction with alkali metals (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium). Incompatible with ozone. May cause an explosive reaction with trifluorochloroethylene above 356°F/180°C, perchloryl fluoride above 212°F/100°C. May be corrosive or unstable in the presence of steel. 

Dichloroethylene as-Dichloro-ethylene asym-Dichloroethylene EINECS 200-864-0 Ethene, 1,1-dichloro- Ethylene, 1,1-dichloro-HSDB 1995 NCI-C54262 RCRA waste number U078 UN1303 VDC Vinylidene chloride Vinylidene dichloride. Used as a monomer in production, for example, of Saran. Volatile liquid mp = -122.5 bp = 31.6 d = 1.213 insoluble in H2O, soluble in organic solvents. Dow Chem. U.S.A. Dow UK. 

Vinylidene dichloride film PVC closure seals for jars... 

Synonyms/Trade Names 1,1-DCE 1,1-Dichloroethene 1,1-Dichloroethylene VDC Vinylidene chloride monomer Vinylidene dichloride ... 

Alternative Names/Abbreviations Vinylidene dichloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), asymmetric-dichloroethylene, VDC... 

This compound (isooctane- 2), " C-labelled at both methyl groups of the isopropyl moiety, has been preparedaccording to equation 13. 3,3-Dimethylbutyric acid, synthesized from vinylidene dichloride, has been utilized as one of the starting materials. The mixture of isomeric diisobutenes, obtained by direct dehydration of the tertiary carbinol- C intermediate, has been hydrogenated according to Reference 15, to yield 3. 

Vinylidene chloride, inhibited Vinylidene dichloride Vinylidine chloride... 

Vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride polymer. See Vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride copolymer Vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride copolymer Vinylidene dichloride. See Vinylidene chloride... 

The production of ethyl chloride from ethylene and hydrogen chloride, mainly for tetraethyl lead manufacture, is expected to fall rapidly. Ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane) and vinyl chloride (chloroethene) have already been discussed in section 12.3.3.2. These two materials are also starting points for the production of more highly chlorinated C2 products. The following scheme illustrates routes used for vinylidene dichloride (1,1-dichloroethene) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (also known as methylchloroform in the U.S.A.) ... 

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