Carbonates, analysis

Carbon, analysis, 217, 318, 319 Carbon brushes, examination by x-ray absorptiometry, 97 Cathode follower, 60 Cauchois arrangement, 119, 120, 123 Caustic circle, 119, 120 Cells for liquids, 191, 194 Cements, analysis in Applied Research Laboratories PXQ, 260, 261 Ceramics, analysis by x-ray emission spectrography, 222-224 Cerenkov radiation, 43 Cesium, determination by x-ray emission spectrography, 328 Characteristic-line generator of Eng-strom, 144... 

P 23] Aqueous NaOH solutions of 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 M were used, fed by pumps to the micro devices [5]. Carbon dioxide was supplied as a mixture with nitrogen, the flow rate being set by a mass-flow controller, liqmd samples were taken and subjected to carbonate analysis (see original citation in [5]). 

Cobalt carbide (3 1), 4 649t, 691 Cobalt carbonate, analysis, 7 237t CobaltCII) carbonate, 7 230 uses, 7 239t... 

Table 1.9 Total organic carbon analysis as supplied by Dohrmann... 

Table 12.6 Results of inorganic carbon analysis of calcareous soils by potentiometry compared with those for calcium oxide by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry... 

SACHEM Inc., located in Cleburne, Texas, is a producer of high-purity bulk chemicals for companies that have high-purity requirements in their chemical processing. As stated in Workplace Scene 1.2, one of their products is tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), which is sold to semiconductor industries. The analysis of TMAH for trace anions such as chloride, nitrate, nitrite, and carbonate is critical for SACHEM s quality control laboratory. If these ions are present on the integrated circuit boards manufactured by one of their semiconductor customers, they may cause corrosion severe enough to affect the functionality and performance of the electronic devices in which the circuit boards are used. In SACHEM s quality control laboratory, ion chromatography procedures have been developed to measure the anion concentrations in TMAH. Because the concentration levels are trace levels, a clean room environment, like that described in Workplace Scene 1.2, is used. A special procedure for carbonate analysis is required so that the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere can be minimized. 

Organic groups are bound to the silica surface after grinding silica in organic liquids (277). A more controlled substitution of surface silanol groups was reported by Wartmann and Deuel (194). Silica gel which had been treated with thionyl chloride was allowed to react with phenyl lithium. Silicon-phenyl bonds could be detected by infrared spectroscopy. The phenyl content of Aerosil treated in this way as estimated from carbon analysis corresponded to 85% of the silanol groups (188). However, it is not certain whether the reaction... 

To calculate the osmotic pressure we used values of osmotic coefficients from ref. (lOj. Total organic carbon analysis (Beckman 914A] of samples from the water filled compartment verified that the membranes are impermeable to sucrose, so that the reflection coefficient a is equal to unity. 

Surface Carbon Analysis. This method is based on the observation that the presence of carbon on automotive body sheet steel, for instance, can be linked to poor corrosion performance. The carbon content on the surface can be determined by subjecting the body sheet to about 500°C in an oxygen environment and determining the CO2 thus formed. 

A homoleptic bulky a,y-diketonate yttrium complex (fod = 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-7,7-dimethyl-4,6-octanedionate) was immobihzed on MCM-41.280 ( s = 1140m g, Vp = 0.93 cm g, dp = 2.7 nm) and a monopodaUy anchored surface species 6 has been proposed (Scheme 12.5). As suggested by FTIR (strong band for the Si-OH stretch vibration) as well as metal and carbon analysis (circa 3.4 wt% Y, fod/Y circa 2) only around half of the silanol population has been consumed [110]. 

A recent paper by Lairdinvestigated the efficacy of HPAM flocculation of kaolinite, illite and quartz by carrying out visible absorption experiments. He concluded that HPAM more effectively flocculates kaolinite than quartz or illite. This was also the conclusion of previous work by Allen et al. who studied the adsorption of HPAM onto kaolinite, quartz and feldspar at various HPAM concentrations and solution pH by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Much of the previous work on polyacrylamide adsorption onto aluminosilicates monitored the adsorbed amount by viscometry, carbon analysis and radiotracer techniques. These methods rely on following adsorption by subtraction from that detected in solution. 

Extraction and Thermal-Optical Carbon Analysis Methods Application to Diesel Vehicle Exhaust Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Tech-noi, 18, 231-234 (1984). 

For our study, individual samples of linear alpha olefins, containing from six to eleven carbons, were subjected to oxo synthesis to produce primary alcohols containing from 7 to 12 carbons. Analysis of the alcohols showed them to contain on the average 50% or more of the straight chain primary alcohols the remaining alcohols were also primary and consisted mainly of the 2-methyl isomers. To distinguish between 100% straight chain on the one hand, and 100% branched chain on the other, we call these new alcohols linear. ... 

Following the guidelines established by Schechter s work, we dispersed titanium dioxide particles in 1% solutions of carboxylated styrene-butadiene block copolymers and stirred the dispersions at elevated temperatures in a nitrogen atmosphere. Typical data are shown in Table I. The dispersions (primary dispersions) in o-dichlorobenzene were quite stable. The titanium dioxide particles were isolated from these primary dispersions by centrifugation and were washed with toluene and finally with methanol. After drying in vacuo, samples of the block copolymer-titanium dioxide composites were submitted for carbon analysis. The... 

Kaplan, L. A. (1994). A field and laboratory procedure to collect, process, and preserve freshwater samples for dissolved carbon analysis. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37,1470-1476. 

Winnett, W.K. and M.P. Murphy. 1994. A novel sample introduction technique for combustion total organic carbon analysis in aqueous materials. Talanta 41 1627-1630. 

Cappelli, F., P.D. Goulden, J. Lawrence, and DJ. MacGregor. 1978. Determination of the adsorption efficiency of the organics carbon adsorbable standard method by dissolved organic carbon analysis. J. Environ. Sci. Health A 13 167-176. 

Strege, M.A., Stinger,T.L., Farrell, B.T., Lagu, A.L., Total organic carbon analysis of swab samples for the cleaning validation of bioprocess fermentation equipment. BioPharm April 1996. 

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