Carbon eleven

Phosgene, a doubly noxious carbonic acid chloride (Cl-CO-Cl), could react with two proteins, I reasoned, and the novel cross-linked or double protein could elicit an immune response in the limg and consequent accumulation of fluid. So I proceeded, with Sam s encouragement, to syntliesize phosgene from the carbon eleven ( C02) produced by Martin Kamen in the 27.5 inch (70 cm) cyclotron near the Rat House, where I and Sam and Bill Libby had our laboratories. Mine, of course, amounted to less than eight feet [2.4 m] of bench in my office, which I had inherited from Henry Taube. Reduction of carbon dioxide over hot zinc powder was easy and quick. Then, addition of chlorine yielded the phosgene, all in about twenty minutes. We administered this to a poor rat and began to determine if the radioactivity was protein-bound as I expected. 

The physical data for the RA components are shown in Table XIII. These compounds were assumed to be small peptides from the IR values showing 3390, 1640 cm due to amide bonding. It was determined from the 3c-NMR data of RA-VII (153) that there were three C-Me, three CH2-, Three V-Me, two 0-Me, six CH, eighteen aromatic carbons, eleven tertiary carbons, seven quaternary carbons (three C-C bonds and four C-0 bonds), and six carbonyl carbon groups. 

The second ingredient is a mechanism for the state to communicate an unambiguous message. The viewer knows the coin s face by the way it reflects visible light. The optical pattern of the heads (H) state differs from that of tails (T). The previous assembly of nine carbon, eleven hydrogen, one nitrogen, and two oxygen atoms differs from structural isomers such as... 

Further hydrolysis of the carbon disulfide and the trithiocarbonate produces hydrogen sulfide, etc (33). In another study of the decomposition of sodium ethyl xanthate [140-90-9] in flotation solutions, eleven components of breakdown were studied. The dependence of concentration of those components vs time was examined by solving a set of differential equations (34). 

This aldehyde, which has the formula CuHjgO, appears to be the only aldehyde with eleven atoms of carbon yet found in essential oils. It was isolated from santal oil by Schimmel Co., who gave the follow-... 

The Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) is the division of NOAA that conducts and directs oceanic and atmospheric research. Since carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and fossil fuels are the leading generator of carbon dioxide, the work of the twelve Environmental Research Laboratories and eleven Joint Institutes of OAR to describe, monitor, and assess climate trends are of great interest to all parties interested in the affect of energy use on climate change. 

Figure 4-3. Absolute values of the INDO/SCI-calculalcd electron wavcfunctions v/(a, jt, = 34) calculated for the eleven-ring PPV oligomer as a function of carbon site (hole fixed on site 34) for the excited stales corresponding to (a) die first absorption peak (3.0 cV) (b) the second absorption peak (3.8 eV) (c) the third absorption peak (5.6 eV) (d) lire fourth absorption peak (6.3 eV) and (e) lire fifth absorption peak (7.0 cV). The energies given between parentheses refer to the theoretical values.

Each element has been named and, for convenience, has been given a nickname—a shorthand symbol of one or two letters. Thus the element carbon is symbolized by the letter C, the element neon by the letters Ne. The symbols are adopted by international agreement among chemists. Eleven of the elements have names derived from the capitalized first letter of the Latin name of the element and, if necessary, by a second letter (uncapitalized). These eleven include seven common metals known to the ancients. (See Table 2-V.)... 

This frontier s practical opportunities were first developed with submarines, which until the nuclear ones were limited to depths of only a few hundred feet. Many thousands of feet can now be navigated. The crushing pressures below the surface, which increase at a rate of about V2 psi per foot of depth, make corrosion a major threat to the operation and durability of many materials. For example, the life of uncoated magnesium bolts in contact with steel nuts is less than seventy-two hours, aluminum buoys will corrode and pit after only eleven months at just four hundred feet, and low-carbon steel corroded at a rate one-third greater than in surface waters. 

Eleven elements are gases under normal conditions (Fig. 4.2). So are many compounds with low molar masses, such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, and organic compounds such as the methane, CH4, of natural gas and the... 

The Constancy of the Carbon-Carbon Single-Bond Distance.—For the eleven hydrocarbons... 

Blanck H, Admrraal W, eleven REMJ, Guasch H, van den Hoop MAGT, Ivorra N, Nystrom B, Paulsson M, Petterson RP, Sabater S, Tubbing GMJ (2003) Variability in zinc tolerance, measured as incorporation of radio-labeled carbon dioxide and thymidine, in periphyton communities sampled from 15 European river stretches. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 44 17... 

The molecule has one nitrogen atom p ). Interpreting the parentheses in the formula reveals that there are four carbon atoms p ) and eleven hydrogen atoms (5 ). You should be able to verify that the valence electron count is 32 e. ... 

Among the common amino acids, eleven have side chains that contain polar functional groups that can form hydrogen bonds, such as —OH, —NH2, and — CO2 H. These hydrophilic amino acids are commonly found on the outside of a protein, where their interactions with water molecules increase the solubility of the protein. The other nine amino acids have nonpolar hydrophobic side chains containing mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms. These amino acids are often tucked into the inside of a protein, away from the aqueous environment of the cell. 

Miller, V. R., E. L. Wehry, and G. Mamantov, Photochemical Transformation of Pyrene Vapor Deposited on Eleven Subfractions of a High-Carbon Coal Stack Ash, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 9, 975-980 (1990). 

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