Brushes carbon

Carbon, analysis, 217, 318, 319 Carbon brushes, examination by x-ray absorptiometry, 97 Cathode follower, 60 Cauchois arrangement, 119, 120, 123 Caustic circle, 119, 120 Cells for liquids, 191, 194 Cements, analysis in Applied Research Laboratories PXQ, 260, 261 Ceramics, analysis by x-ray emission spectrography, 222-224 Cerenkov radiation, 43 Cesium, determination by x-ray emission spectrography, 328 Characteristic-line generator of Eng-strom, 144... 

Pitch Coke. The manufacture of pitch coke provides a large tonnage oudet for coke-oven pitch in Japan, the CIS and, until more recendy, Germany (75,76). Pitch coke is used either alone or mixed with petroleum coke as the carbon component of electrodes, carbon brushes, and shaped carbon... 

Other Uses. There are many lesser uses for petroleum coke, such as making dry cell battery carbons, carbon brushes, fuel in California smudge pots, etc. (30). 

Besides their two main uses as reinforcing fillers and pigments, small amounts of carbon blacks are used by the electrical industry to manufacture dry cells, electrodes, and carbon brushes. Special blacks are used to give plastics antistatic or electrical conduction properties. Another application is the UV stabilization of polyolefins [4.31]. 

The actual drive can be of the belt type (indirect) or axial (direct). While the former puts less stress on the rotating parts, the second is simpler and is very often used nowadays. Eccentricity of rotation must be minimised nevertheless, a slight eccentricity will not affect the electrochemical measurements so long as solution which has reached the electrode does not then pass over it again [132,133]. Electrical contacts with the external electronics can be of the silver—carbon brush type or enclosed mercury. A problem with the former is that particles from the brushes can contaminate the solution if proper care is not taken and, additionally, they give quite a lot of electrical noise at low rotation speeds mercury is to be preferred in these instances (up to about 50 Hz). At higher rotation speeds, noise from mercury contacts increases considerably and silver—carbon brushes have to be used. 

Uses Ibr lampblack include Black pigment for cements, ceramic ware, monar. inks, linoleum, surface coaling, crayons, polishes, carbon paper, soap, etc. ingredient of insulating compositions, liquid-air explosives, matches, fertilizer, furnace lutes, lubricating compositions, carbon brushes reagent in cementation of siccl. 

Traditional materials are carbon brushes against copper commutators or sliprings, but carbon brushes rely on graphite content for lubrication of the sliding contact, and graphite requires the presence of moisture or other vapours, or sometimes more exotic materials, to ensure low friction. They cannot therefore be used in vacuum or... 

Graphite has been known as a lubricant for over 2000 years, and until about 1960 was the most extensively-used solid lubricant. In terms of annual consumption, it may still be the leading solid lubricant, because of its major application in carbon brushes in electrical equipment. Its technology is highly developed, and there are several comprehensive books about a comparison... 

Graphite has been used in most of the forms which have been described for molybdenum disulphide. It is most widely used in carbon brushes, where it provides effective lubrication of the brush-commutator contacts, and in a variety of dispersions, such as those listed in Table 14.4. 

Johnson, J.L. and McKinney, J.L., Electrical-Power Brushes for Dry Inert-Gas Atmospheres, IEEE Trans. Part 5, Hybrids and Packaging, 7, 62, (1971). Nelson, R.E., Improved Carbon Brushes for Aircraft Electrical Machines, WADC TR-57-170, (Jan. 1960). 

Power Carbon brushes, electrodes, battery cells... 

Coke is employed for a number of purposes, but the major use is in the manufacture of carbon electrodes for aluminum refining that requires a high-purity carbon— low in ash and sulfur free. In addition, petroleum coke is employed in the manufacture of carbon brushes, silicon carbide abrasives, and structural carbon (pipes, Rashig rings, and so on), as well as calcium carbide manufacture from which acetylene is produced. 

Use Ceramic flux, carbon brushes for electrical equipment, glass making, manufacture of other fluorides, crystals for spectroscopy, electronics, dry-film lubricants. 

Timrex. Graphite for carbon brushes and carbon parts. Timcal, Sins, Switzerland, 1996. 

Carbon brush makers Makers of certain cosmetics mascaras, wave fixatives, skin lighteners outside the United States... 

Fig. 5. Rotating electrode unit. A, Nylon block shaped to fit conical joint, B C, electrode bearing housing (brass) D, rotating electrode mounting shaft (glass) E, ball bearings F, PTFE seal G, working electrode H, brass slip ring I, carbon brush J, drive motor connecting point. (Reproduced with permission from ref. 15.)...

Yuang-Cherng Chiou et al. at the National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, developed an EMM setup as shown in Fig. 5.13(a). This setup was located on a plate of a vertical work table so that it is easy to adjust its position of the vertical direction. In an experiment, a tungsten rod with a diameter of 200 pm was taken as the workpiece, and was attached to a jig that was precisely chucked to a rotating spindle mounted by a bearing support. The conductive wire was connected to the anode of the DC power supply and carbon brush, respectively, and then the carbon brush was in contact with the... 

Uses Ceramic flux carbon brushes for electrical equip. glassmaking mfg. of other fluorides crystals for spectroscopy electronics dry-film lubricants flux and opacifier in vitreous enamels in embalming Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aldrich.com, Alfa Aesar http //www.alfa.com, Alfa Chem... 

HMiS Health 1, Flammability 2, Reactivity 0 Uses Reinforcing agent for plastics, carbon brushes, batteries, electrochemistry, pencils, hard metals, lubricants, catalysts, prepregging,... 

Equip motor-driven electrical equipment used in a laboratory where volatile flammable materials may be present (e.g., a hydrogenation room) with either nonsparking induction motors that meet Class 1, Division 2, Group C-D electrical standards (U.S. DOC, 1993) or air motors instead of series-wound motors that use carbon brushes, such as those generally used in vacuum pumps, mechanical shakers, stirring motors,... 

Contact with the external circuit is made through carbon brushes rubbing on the commutator segments. Direct current motors are classified by the way in which the field and armature windings are connected, which may be in series or in parallel. 

The wound rotor consists of a laminated cylinder of silicon steel with copper coils embedded in slots around the circumference. The windings may be connected in star or delta and the end connections brought out to slip rings mounted on the shaft. Connection by carbon brushes can then be made to an external resistance to improve starting. 

Practical motors are constructed as shown in Fig. 10.14. All d.c. motors contain a field winding wound on pole pieces attached to a steel yoke. The armature winding rotates between the poles and is connected to the commutator. Contact with the external circuit is made through carbon brushes rubbing on the commutator segments. Direct current motors are classified by the way in which the field and armature windings are connected, which may be in series or in parallel. 

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