Swab-sampling

Many times swab samples have to be taken at a remote location where the equipment necessary for the analysis may not be available. Because the samples would be in transit for 24-48 h, an alternative to using test tubes for sample transport was investigated. Screw-cap scintillation vials either with a polyethylene insert or with an aluminum foil liner in the top of the cap were tested. Four polyester swabs were placed into each vial along with 10 mL of 1.00 pg/mL 50 50 ethanohwater solution of clarithromycin or 10 mL of 50 50 ethanohwater. The vials were capped and then shaken to wet the surface of the vials. Half the vials were refrigerated and the other half were left at room temperature on the... 

FIGURE 5 Typical chromatogram ofswab blank, swab sample, and standard preparation. 

Taking several representative or worst-case swab samples from equipment and measuring active recovered from the swab... 

The use of contact plates is the recommended technique. The RODAC plate method is the simplest, but it is useful only for flat surfaces. Swab samples afford examination of corners, crevices, and other area inaccessible to RODAC plates. 

After collecting, rinse/swab samples are kept in the refrigerator. 

Swab sample Machine operator/ cleaning validation officer Sampling sheets 3, 4 Asst, manager QA... 

If rinse sampling is used and the entire equipment is rinsed, then the limit can be used for the individual piece of equipment. If the equipment will be sampled by swab sampling, however, it is necessary to factor the limit even further. For example, if six areas of the manufacturing tank will be sampled by swab sampling and each swab will represent an area swabbed of 12 in. by 12 in., then the total area swabbed is 6 sq. ft. (Note the total area of the equipment was 23 sq. ft.) The total allowable residue for all six swabs (summed together) would be ... 

Strege, M.A., Stinger,T.L., Farrell, B.T., Lagu, A.L., Total organic carbon analysis of swab samples for the cleaning validation of bioprocess fermentation equipment. BioPharm April 1996. 

Check that the equipment was cleaned properly following previous processing and that acceptable cleanliness was indicated by rinse and/or swab sample results. Ensure that all cleaning agents (e.g., detergents) have been removed from surfaces of the equipment. 

Korfinacher WA, Rushing LG, Nestorick DM, et al. 1985. Analysis of dust and surface swab samples for octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins by fused silica capillary GC with EC detection. Journal of High Resolution Chromatography and Chromatography Communications 8 12-19. 

A. Sample collection. A series of test firings was conducted under known conditions and hand swab samples were obtained immediately for examination by NAA or AAS. Firings were conducted indoors using a Smith and Wesson Model 1, . 38 caliber revolver. This weapon was selected as being representative of weapons encountered in actual criminal cases. Ammunition used for all tests was Remington/Peters. 

Neutron Activation Analysis in swab samples taken from both hands of twenty (20) subjects after each had fired a single shot from a. 38 caliber revolver. 

In a work by Liu et al.,26 a cleaning-verification assay was validated for a highly potent family of compounds utilizing a swab-sampling procedure and LC-MS for separation and detection of the analytes. Due to the high potency of the compound, the LC-MS method was validated at a level of 50ng/25cm2 and 50 ng/100 cm2... 

The first step was to directly compare existing procedures, namely, suction sampling and swabbing. Table 25.1 gives comparison data. The results reveal that NG was detected on all three swab samples and that it was not present on the third suction sample. The initial suction sampling removes a high proportion of the NG whereas the second swabbing shows a substantial level of NG (-40%) when compared to the initial swab sample. Suction... 

Culturing of Test and Control Samples. Both control and treated spore strip samples were cultured at 37 °C in trypticase soy broth for 48 hr to determine kill. Swab samples, taken from sections of the surface of the muddy-moldy pages before and after exposure to ethylene oxide, were placed in 1 mL of 0.001M phosphate buffered saline solution at pH 7.0 for plating on appropriate media. These samples were taken from a 6.45-cm2 section. 

P. Yang, K. Burson, D. Feder, and F. Macdonald, Method development of swab sampling for cleaning validation of a residual active pharmaceutical ingredient, Pharm. Technol. Jan. (2005), 84-94. 

The next limit is the limit in the analytical sample. If the sampling method involves swabbing, the surface area swabbed and the amount of diluent used for desorbing the swab must be considered. The limit per swab sample is then calculated as ... 

Swab-sampling is normally used for flat or irregular, non-absorbent surfaces with qualitative development by inoculation of the swab matrix directly into nutrient broth, observed for growth/no growth. 

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