Carbon bioelectronics

J.K. Park, P.H. Tran, J.K.T. Chao, R. Ghodadra, R. Rangarajan, and N.V. Thakor, In vivo nitric oxide sensor using non-conducting polymer-modified carbon fiber. Biosens. Bioelectron. 13, 1187—1195 (1998). 

A. Vakurov, C.E. Simpson, C.L. Daly, T.D. Gibson, and P.A. Millner, Acetylcholinesterase-based biosensor electrodes for organophosphate pesticide detection I. Modification of carbon surface for immobilization of acetylcholinesterase. Biosens. Bioelectron. 20, 1118-1125 (2004). 

A.A. Ciucu, C. Negulescu, and R.P. Baldwin, Detection of pesticides using an amperometric biosensor based on ferophthalocyanine chemically modified carbon paste electrode and immobilized bienzymatic system. Biosens. Bioelectron. 18, 303-310 (2003). 

S. Chemburu, E. Wilkins, and I. Abdel-Hamid, Detection of pathogenic bacteria in food samples using highly-dispersed carbon particles. Biosens. Bioelectron. 21, 491-499 (2005). 

M. Diaz-Gonzalez, M.B. Gonzalez-Garcia, and A. Costa-Garcia, Immunosensor for mycobacterium tuberculosis on screen-printed carbon electrodes. Biosens. Bioelectron. 20, 2035—2043 (2005). 

Y. Tian, L. Mao, T. Okajima, and T. Ohsaka, A carbon fiber microelectrode-based third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion. Biosens. Bioelectron. 21, 557-564 (2005). 

Y.M. Zhou, S.Q. Hu, G.L. Shen, and R.Q. Yu, An amperometric immunosensor based on an electro-chemically pretreated carbon-paraffin electrode for complement III (C3) assay. Biosens. Bioelectron. 18, 473 181 (2003). 

M. Zhang, K. Gong, H. Zhang, and L. Mao, Layer-by-layer assembled carbon nanotubes for selective determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid. Biosens. Bioelectron. 20, 1270-1276 (2005). 

W.J. Guan, Y. Li, Y.Q. Chen, X.B. Zhang, and G.Q. Hu, Glucose biosensor based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes and screen printed carbon electrodes. Biosens. Bioelectron. 21, 508—512 (2005). 

Z. Xu, X. Chen, X. Qu, J. Jia, and S. Dong, Single-wall carbon nanotube-based voltammetric sensor and biosensor. Biosens. Bioelectron. 20, 579—584 (2004). 

V.S. Tripathi, V.B. Kandimalla, and H.X. Ju, Amperometric biosensor for hydrogen peroxide based on ferrocene-bovine serum albumin and multiwall carbon nanotube modified ormosil composite. Biosens. Bioelectron. 21,1529-1535 (2006). 

S.Q. Liu and H.X. Ju, Reagentless glucose biosensor based on direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase immobilized on colloidal gold modified carbon paste electrode. Biosens. Bioelectron. 19, 177-183 (2003). 

Y. Liu, M.K. Wang, F. Zhao, Z.A. Xu, and S.J. Dong, The direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase and glucose biosensor based on carbon nanotubes/chitosan matrix, Biosens. Bioelectron. 21, 984-988... 

Mani, V., B. Devadas, and S.-M. Chen, Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase at electrochemically reduced graphene oxide-multiwalled carbon nanotubes hybrid material modified electrode for glucose biosensor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2012. 41 p. 309-315. 

Metallic nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit nanoscale dimensions comparable with the dimensions of redox proteins. This enables the construction of NP-enzyme or SWCNT-enzyme hybrids that combine the unique conductivity features of the nanoelements with the biocatalytic redox properties of the enzymes, to yield wired bioelectrocatalyts with large electrode surface areas. Indeed, substantial advances in nanobiotechnology were achieved by the integration of redox enzymes with nanoelements and the use of the hybrid systems in different bioelectronic devices.35... 

Methods to electrically wire redox proteins with electrodes by the reconstitution of apo-proteins on relay-cofactor units were discussed. Similarly, the application of conductive nanoelements, such as metallic nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes, provided an effective means to communicate the redox centers of proteins with electrodes, and to electrically activate their biocatalytic functions. These fundamental paradigms for the electrical contact of redox enzymes with electrodes were used to develop amperometric sensors and biofuel cells as bioelectronic devices. 

P.A. Paredes, J. Parellada, V.M. Fernandez, I. Katakis and E. Dominguez, Amperometric mediated carbon paste biosensor based on D-fructose dehydrogenase for the determination of fructose in food analysis, Biosens. Bioelectron., 12(12) (1998) 1233-1243. 

S.L. Alvarez-Crespo, M.J. Lobo-Castanon, A.J. Miranda-Ordieres and P. Tunon-Blanco, Amperometric glutamate biosensor based on poly(o-phenylenediamine) film electrogenerated onto modified carbon paste electrodes, Biosens. Bioelectron., 12(8) (1997) 739-747. 

E. Williams, M.I. Pividori, A. Merko< i, R.J. Forster and S. Alegret, Rapid electrochemical genosensor assay using a streptavidin carbon polymer biocomposite electrode, Biosens. Bioelectron., 19 (2003) 165-175. 

E. Crouch, D.C. Cowell, S. Hoskins, R.W. Pittson and J.P. Hart, A novel, disposable, screen-printed amperometric biosensor for glucose in serum fabricated using a water-based carbon ink, Biosens. Bioelectron., 21 (2005) 712-718. 

N.J. Forrow and S.W. Bayliff, A commercial whole blood glucose biosensor with a low sensitivity to hematocrit based on an impregnated porous carbon electrode, Biosens. Bioelectron., 21 (2005) 581-587. 

S. J. Setford, S.F. White and J.A. Bolbot, Measurement of protein using an electrochemical bi-enzyme sensor, Biosens. Bioelectron., 17 (2002) 79-86. P. Sarkar and A.P.F. Turner, Application of dual-step potential on single screen-printed modified carbon paste electrodes for detection of amino acids and proteins, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 364 (1999) 154-159. 

F. Darain, D.S. Park, J.S. Park, S.C. Chang and Y.B. Shim, A separation-free amperometric immunosensor for vitellogenin based on screen-printed carbon arrays modified with a conductive polymer, Biosens. Bioelectron., 20 (2005) 1780-1787. 

K.C. Honeychurch, J.P. Hart, P.R.J. Pritchard, S.J. Hawkins and N.M. Ratcliffe, Development of an electrochemical assay for 2,6-dinitrotolu-ene, based on a screen-printed carbon electrode, and its potential application in bioanalysis, occupational and public health, Biosens. Bioelectron., 19 (2003) 305-312. 

F. Davis, A.V. Nabok and S.P.J. Higson, Species differentiation by DNA-modified carbon electrodes using an ac impedimetric approach, Biosens. Bioelectron., 20 (2005) 1531-1538. 

Cui RJ, Huang HP, Yin ZZ, Gao D, Zhu JJ (2008) Horseradish peroxidase-functionalized gold nanoparticle label for amplified immunoanalysis based on gold nanoparticles/carbon nanotubes hybrids modified biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 23 1666-1673... 

Ho, W. O., Athey, D., and McNeil, C. J. Amperometric detection of alkaline phosphatase activity at a horseradish peroxidase enzyme electrode based on activated carbon - Potential application to electrochemical immunoassay. Biosens. Bioelectron. 1995,10, 683-691. 

Liu Y, Huang LJ, Dong SJ et al (2007) Electrochemical catalysis and thermal stability characterization of laccase-carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid nanocomposite modified graphite electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 23 35-41... 

Xiao F, Zhao FQ, Zeng BZ et al (2009) Nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on ultrasonic-electrodeposition of bimetallic PtM (M=Ru, Pd and Au) nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid composite film. Biosens Bioelectron 24 3481-3486... 

WB Nowall, N Dontha, WG Kuhr. Electron transfer kinetics at a biotin/avidin patterned glassy carbon electrode. Biosensors Bioelectronics 13 1237-1244, 1998. 

Ceramics Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) Drug delivery, artificial muscles, bioelectronics Bioinert ( ) Meng et al. (2006)... 

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