Polymers conductive modified

Coutanceau C, El Hourch A, Crouigneau P, Leger JM, Lamy C. 1995. Conducting polymer electrodes modified by metal tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines Preparation and electro-catalytic behaviour towards dioxygen reduction in acid medium. Electrochim Acta 40 2739-2748. 

The new edition of Principles of Electrochemistry has been considerably extended by a number of new sections, particularly dealing with electrochemical material science (ion and electron conducting polymers, chemically modified electrodes), photoelectrochemistry, stochastic processes, new aspects of ion transfer across biological membranes, biosensors, etc. In view of this extension of the book we asked Dr Ladislav Kavan (the author of the section on non-electrochemical methods in the first edition) to contribute as a co-author discussing many of these topics. On the other hand it has been necessary to become less concerned with some of the classical topics the details of which are of limited importance for the reader. 

The second method is the synthesis of copolymers or derivatives of a parent conjugated polymer with more desirable properties. This method is the more traditional one for making improvements to a polymer. It modifies the structure of the polymer to increase its processibility without compromising its conductivity or its optical properties. All attempts to do this on polyacetylene have failed as they always significantly reduced its conductivity. However, such attempts on polythiophenes and polypyrroles proved more fruitful. 

Galal, A. Electrocatalytic oxidation of some biologically important compounds at conducting polymer electrodes modified by metal complexes. J. Solid State Electrochem. 1998, 2, 7-15... 

Besides methanol and ethanol, only a few other small molecules (HCOOH, HCHO, CO), have been oxidized at electron conducting polymer electrodes modified by incorporation of platinum microparticles. The first study on formic acid oxidation at Pt particles dispersed in a PAni matrix was carried out, as early as 1986, by Gholamian et al. [57], They found that the incorporation of 100 pg cm of Pt into PAni was sufficient to enhance considerably the oxidation rate of formic acid (ten-fold increase). The cyclic voltammograms recorded with 0.5 M HCOOH in 0,5 M H2SO4 displayed an enhanced oxidation current particularly for the first oxidation peak at 0.2 V/SCE, attributed to the oxidation of the weakly adsorbed intermediate (reactive species). The second peak, at 0.6 V/SCE, attributed to the oxidation of the strongly chemisorbed... 

Conducting polymer films (modified or not) have been also used to perform the oxidation of organic compounds, such as ascorbic acid. For example, the rate of the electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid on glassy carbon is increased when the carbon electrode is previously covered with a polypyrrole layer [164]. In... 

Processing intrinsically conductive polymers by modifying their chemical structure... 

See leaflets and technical data sheets of the following European manufacturer (incomplete list with the polymers being modified to be conductive) (a) Asea Brown Boveri (Asea Kabel) (PE, EVA) (b) BASF (PE, PS, PA, TPU) (c) Cabot Plastics (PE, EVA, PP, PS) (d) Degussa (PE, EVA, PP, PS, PVC) (e) Dynamit Nobel (PVC) (0 General Electric Plastics (PC) (g)... 

M.R. Guascito, P. Boffi, C. MaUtesta, L. Sabbatini, and P.G. Zambonin, Conducting polymer electrodes modified by metallic species for electrocatalytic purposes spectroscopic and microscopic characterization. Mater. Chem. Phys., 44, 17-24 (1996). 

Table 2.1 Examples of organic molecules detected at intrinsically conducting polymer (ICP)-modified electrodes...

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