Nanoscale dimensions

Microheterogenization on organized amphiphiles in the colloidal or nanoscale dimension 118... 

Persistent nanoscale dimensions/shape as a function of molecular weight (generation). 

CNTs have recently received extensive attention due to their nanoscale dimensions and outstanding materials properties. Integration of CNTs and proteins can gain more advantages over CNTs or proteins and can reahze novel, specific functions. Therefore, functionalization of CNTs with proteins own broad application prospects. 

Moore JS (1997) Acc Chem Res 30 402-413 Shape-persistent molecular architectures of nanoscale dimension... 

Many researchers have shown that incorporation of nanoscale dimension particles (inorganic fillers, nanotubes, nanofibers etc) into a polymer matrix enhances the mechanical properties of the polymer without significantly raising its density or sacrificing its light transmission property. For instance, the Toyota research groups... 

Metallic nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit nanoscale dimensions comparable with the dimensions of redox proteins. This enables the construction of NP-enzyme or SWCNT-enzyme hybrids that combine the unique conductivity features of the nanoelements with the biocatalytic redox properties of the enzymes, to yield wired bioelectrocatalyts with large electrode surface areas. Indeed, substantial advances in nanobiotechnology were achieved by the integration of redox enzymes with nanoelements and the use of the hybrid systems in different bioelectronic devices.35... 

Moore, J. S. Shape-Persistent Molecular Architectures of Nanoscale Dimension, Acc. Chem. Res. 1997, 30,402. 

Nanomaterials are commonly defined as materials with morphological features on the nanoscale (commonly below 100 nm in one, two, or all three dimensions), but a more precise definition would limit the scope to only those materials showing unique properties different from individual atoms or molecules as well as the bulk as a result of their nanoscale dimensions. 

We wanted to explore the limits of the self-assembly approach for the synthesis of well-defined structures with nanoscale dimensions by further increasing the size of the assemblies. Our group has shown that calix[4]arenes diametrically substituted with two melamine units at the upper rim are very good platforms for the formation of double rosette assemblies. 

The material in a nanoscale dimension provides an important surface to volume ratio. The change in the surface energy induces the atomic distances of the surface atoms to be contracted. As a result, in this type of nanomaterials, large disorder and higher catalytic activity can be expected [22], The former phenomenon is clearly observed in the X-ray diagram which delivers broader diffraction peaks [1, 6, 13, 22]. 

Decisive factors to be considered in designing molecular containers are (a) size of the inner cavity, which in most cases must be of nanoscale dimensions to accommodate either single nanoscale guests or multiple smaller molecules [13], (b) size and shape of the cavity portals, to govern the communication with the exterior, and (c) solubility in an aqueous environment, to take advantage of the hydrophobic effect in driving the inclusion of non-polar, neutral guests. 

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