Cancer caffeine

Cigarette smoking and augmentation mammoplasty do not appear to increase the risk of breast cancer. Blood pressure medications, reserpine, and other drugs that increase prolactin levels have not been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer. Caffeine also has no predisposing effect on breast cancer, but may play a role in exacerbation of benign breast disease. The role of environmental carcinogens has not been systematically evaluated. 

Pentoxifylline is stmcturaHy related to other methylxanthine derivatives such as caffeine [58-02-2] (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), theobromine [83-67-0] (3,7-dimethylxanthine), and theophylline [58-55-9] (3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1 H-piirine-2,6-dione or 1,3-dimethylxanthine), which also show radioprotective activity in some instances, suggesting that methylxanthines as a dmg class may radioprotect through a common mechanism (see Alkaloids). In a retrospective analysis of cervical and endometrial cancer patients receiving primary or adjuvant XRT, no association between caffeine consumption and incidence of acute radiation effects has been found. However, there was a decreased incidence of severe late radiation injury in cervical cancer patients who consumed higher levels of caffeine at the time of thek XRT (121). The observed lack of correlation between caffeine consumption and acute radiation effects is consistent with laboratory investigations using pentoxifylline. 

Geen tea Camellia sinensis Reduces cancer, lowers lipid levels, helps prevent dental caries, antimicrobial and anti oxidative effects Contains caffeine (may cause mild stimulant effects such as anxiety, nervousness, heart irregularities, restlessness, insomnia, and digestive irritation) Contains caffeine and should be avoided during pregnancy, by individuals with hypertension, anxiety, eating disorders, insomnia, diabetes, and ulcers. 

In 1990, Vatten et al.51 in Norway subsequently reviewed data on breast cancer risk from a cohort of 14,593 women with 152 cases of breast cancer during a follow up of 12 years on subjects who were between 35 and 51 years old at the beginning of the study and between 46 and 63 years at the end. They reported no overall statistically significant correlation between breast cancer and coffee consumption, but when body mass index was taken into account, lean women who consumed >5 cups per day had a lower risk than women who drank two cups or less. In obese women, however, there was a positive correlation between coffee intake and breast cancer. In a 1993 study, though, Folsom and associates52 failed to find an association between caffeine and postmenopausal breast cancer in 34,388 women in the Iowa Women s Health Study, with a median caffeine intake of 212 mg/day in women who developed breast cancer and 201 mg/day for women who did not and in Denmark, Ewertz53 studied... 

In an investigation of caffeine-containing products in 1993, Slattery et al.75 reported on alcohol, coffee, tea, caffeine, and theobromine intake and the risk of prostate cancer in a Utah study. Data were gathered from a population-based sample of 362 newly diagnosed cases of prostate cancer and 685 age-matched controls. The Utah population was comprised predominantly of members of the Church of Jesus Christ Latter-Day Saints. The researchers found that pack-years of cigarettes smoked and consumption of alcohol, coffee, tea, and caffeine were not associated with prostate cancer risk, but found some possible correlation with increased theobro-... 

Contradictory findings among published reports of relationships between caffeine, coffee, tea, and cancer result in part from the complexity... 

The data presented here has provided a chronological picture of the evolution and current state of the possible positive or negative association of some methylxanthine-containing products and various types of cancer. Perhaps the best conclusion at this time is an extension to tea and other methylxanthine-containing products of the statement by Stavric" who in 1990 wrote that certain controversial issues about the effect of coffee on human health remains unresolved. Future work should focus on types and methods of preparation of teas, roasting and preparation methods for coffees, and consider the whole beverage rather than caffeine or other methylxanthine per se. Meanwhile it appears that both tea and coffee and... 

Folsom, A. R., McKenzie, D. R., Bisgard, K. M., Kushi, L. H., Sellers, T. A., No association between caffeine intake and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence in the Iowa Women s Health Study, Am J Epidemiol, 138, 380, 1993. 

La Vecchia, C., Coffee and cancer epidemiology, in Caffeine, Coffee, and Health, Garattini, S., Ed., Raven Press, Ltd., New York, 1993, chap. 15. 

Slattery, M. L., West, D. W., Smoking, alcohol, coffee, tea, caffeine, and theobromine risk of prostate cancer in Utah, Cancer Causes Control, 4, 559, 1993. 

Boyle, C. A., Berkowitz, G. S., LiVolsi, V. A., Ort, S., Merino, J. J., White, C., Kelsey, J. L., Caffeine consumption and fibro cystic breast disease in a case control epidemiologic study, J Natl Cancer Inst, 72, 1015, 1984. 

Due to the polymorphic acetylation of amonafide, a phenotyping procedure for amonafide acetylation using caffeine as a probe was evaluated in cancer patients. Slow and fast acetylators of both caffeine and amonafide were identified. Fast ace-... 

Huang MT, Xie JG, Wang ZY, Ho CT, Lou YR, Wang CX, Hard GC and Conney AH. 1997. Effects of tea, decaffeinated tea, and caffeine on UVB light-induced complete carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice demonstration of caffeine as a biologically important constituent of tea. Cancer Res 57(13) 2623-2629. 

Unfortunately, the questionnaire did not distinguish between caffeinated versus decaffeinated coffee or instant versus brewed coffee. Positive associations with coffee use are seen for fatal large bowel cancer in both sexes, fatal coronary disease in males only, and possibly for all causes of death in males only. Both sexes were combined for large bowel cancer because the degree of association was essentially equivalent when examined separately for... 

Although the effect of caffeine cannot be distinguished from the effects of coffee and green tea, consumption of caffeine-containing beverages favorably altered hormone levels associated with the risk of developing breast cancer . 

CA149 Nagata, C., M. Kabuto, and H. Shimizu. CAl61 Association of coffee, green tea, and caffeine intakes with serum concentrations of estradiol and sex hormonebinding globulin in premenopausal Japanese women. Nutr Cancer 1998 CA162... 

Thea assamica Mast T. bohea L. T. cantoniensis Lour. T. chinensis Sims. T. cochinchinensis Lour. T. sinensis L. T. viridis Link. Cha (Tea) (leaf) Caffeine, theophylline, tannic acid, theobromine, xanthine, polyphenols. 33-47.405,406,409 Diuretic effect, increase renal blood flow, stimulate central nervous system, antitumor, prevent lung cancer. 

---