Caffeine, beverages containing

These are also considered as lemonades (particularly in Europe). The most popular are the cola drinks, which contain extracts from the cola nut Cola nitida) or aromatic extracts from ginger, orange blossoms, carob and tonka beans or lime peels. Caffeine is often added (6.5-25 mg/100 ml). Phosphoric acid is sometimes used as an acidulant (70 mg/100 ml). The sugar content of cola drinks averages 10-11%. The deep-brown color of the drink is adjusted with caramel. 

Fruits mostly provide only the taste in fruit juice beverages. These drinks are prepared from fruit juices or their mixtures or from fruit concentrates, with or without addition of sucrose or glucose, and are diluted with water or soda or mineral water. A minimum amount of fruit juice is stipulated 30% of seed fruit juices or grape juice, 6% of citrus juice or citrus juice mixtures, and 10% of other juices or juice mixtures. 

These drinks are prepared with or without the use of fruit juice or fruit extracts by the addition of natural fruit essences and sugar (sucrose or glucose), fruit acids and soda or mineral water. They are also consumed without added carbon dioxide, either cold or warmed. The drinks are usually colored. Lemonades made with the addition of fruit juices contain at least half the amount of fruit juice normally contained in fruit juice drinks. 

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Besides the medicinally used herbal mixtures, there arc also the so-called household teas which are preferred by people who are sensitive to coffee or who do not wish to drink a caffeine-containing beverage on a regular basis. Household teas are made up from drugs which, apart from small amounts of tannins, have only aroma substances and possibly also plant acids bramble leaves, raspberry leaves, hibiscus flowers, hips and haws, and apple skins arc frequent components of such teas [4]. 

Several factors predispose to lithium toxicity, including sodium restriction, dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, drug interactions that decrease lithium clearance, heavy exercise, sauna baths, hot weather, and fever. Patients should be told to maintain adequate sodium and fluid intake and to avoid excessive coffee, tea, cola, and other caffeine-containing beverages and alcohol. 

Although the effect of caffeine cannot be distinguished from the effects of coffee and green tea, consumption of caffeine-containing beverages favorably altered hormone levels associated with the risk of developing breast cancer . 

Caffeine has been proposed as a model of drug abuse despite the facts that its sale is largely unrestricted and that heavy consumption of caffeine-containing beverages is not considered to be drug abuse. A recent exhaustive review of caffeine dependence focused on the potential for abuse of caffeine and the nature of tolerance and withdrawal and presents a symposium of current knowledge as to the site(s) and mechanism of action of caffeine. A second comprehensive review of human and animal data on coffee and caffeine consumption and caffeine dependence, withdrawal, and reinforcement also has been published. " The information below represents a broad overview of these topics, and the reader interested in more detail is urged to consult these two reviews. " ... 

There is too little information to advise patients taking artemisinin to completely avoid caffeine-containing beverages, foods or medication, but bear this interaction in mind if the adverse effects of caffeine (insomnia, jitteriness etc) become troublesome. 

Consumption of caffeine-containing beverages can raise serum theophylline levels, but the clinical relevance of this is unclear. 

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