Pack-years

Category No. Age Smoking history (pack- years) Elastase inhibitory capacity6 (per Mg a-l-PI) a-l-PI albumin) Met(O) (mol/mol inactive a-l-PI)... 

The patient works as a secretary. Was a heavy tobacco user (25 pack-years) but quit 3 years ago. She denies alcohol and IV drug use. 

Construction worker smoker with 35 pack-year history Meds... 

Calculate this patient s pack-year history. 

In an investigation of caffeine-containing products in 1993, Slattery et al.75 reported on alcohol, coffee, tea, caffeine, and theobromine intake and the risk of prostate cancer in a Utah study. Data were gathered from a population-based sample of 362 newly diagnosed cases of prostate cancer and 685 age-matched controls. The Utah population was comprised predominantly of members of the Church of Jesus Christ Latter-Day Saints. The researchers found that pack-years of cigarettes smoked and consumption of alcohol, coffee, tea, and caffeine were not associated with prostate cancer risk, but found some possible correlation with increased theobro-... 

Authors Smokers (n) Nonsmokers (n) FIND Pack-years Results... 

FIND Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, ACC anterior cingulate cortex PFC prefrontal cortex NR not reported Data shown for FIND and pack-years are means for the smokers Pack-years = packs of cigarettes smoked per day x number of years smoked... 

Gallinat et al. (2007) 13 13 NA NR 15.3 NAA in left hippocampus but not ACC was lower in smokers than nonsmokers. Cho in ACC was positively correlated with pack-years. 

Galliant and Schubert (2007) 13 16 9 NR 15.1 Glu in hippocampus or ACC did not differ between groups. In current smokers, number of cigarettes per day, pack-years, age of smoking initiation did not correlate with Glu. 

Data shown for FIND and pack-years are means for the smokers... 

Pack-years = packs of cigarettes smoked per day x number of years smoked... 

Jacopo, Domenico said sharply, is the second reason we came to see you. Doctor. To warn you, in effect. Jacopo Fauro is completely incapable of separating truth from fiction, even concerning inconsequential trivia. He s a pleasant enough lad and quite useful at times. We are fond of him or he would have been sent packing years ago, but he has this infuriating lack of veracity. Nothing he told you can be trusted. ... 

Total pack-years is calculated by multiplying the number of cigarettes per day by the number of years smoked and dividing by 20. In Mr CD s case this is (40 x 30)/20 = 60 pack-years. 

A healthy 40-year-old right-handed man presented with a 3-day history of an occipital headache and imbalance. He had a 3-year history of daily oral amfetamine abuse with escalating quantities, the last occasion being 12 hours before the onset of the sjmptoms. He had a history of speed abuse and a 20-pack-year history of tobacco use. He had mUd right arm dysmetria without ataxia. His brain CT scan without contrast was... 

In a retrospective case control study, however, examining both patients with inflammatory (IgA glomerulonephritis) and non-inflammatory (ADPKD) primary renal disease, Orth et al. [38] found an increased odds ratio of progression to end stage renal disease in patients with 5-15 pack years [odds ratio 3.5 (1.3-9.6)] and in patients with > 15 pack years [5.8 (2.0-17.0 p < 0.001)]. Interestingly the increased odds ratio was found only in patients who were not on ACE inhibitors (Table 1). 

Study cohorts in the United States, which reported an increased risk among current smokers (relative risk 1.6), with some evidence of a dose-response with pack-years (Heman et al., 2001). Villard-Mackintosh Vessey (1993) also found an association with smoking history and multiple sclerosis in the Oxford Family Planning Association cohort. In a small study using self-reported multiple sclerosis in a population-based study in Norway, the overall association with ever smokers (risk ratio 1.8) was higher in men (2.8) than in women (1.6) (Riise etal., 2003). 

The dose of exposure is mea-< sured in terms of "pack years. ... 

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