Butyric isopropyl ester

All the spectroscopic approaches applied for structural characterization of mixtures derive from methods originally developed for screening libraries for their biological activities. They include diffusion-ordered spectroscopy [15-18], relaxation-edited spectroscopy [19], isotope-filtered affinity NMR [20] and SAR-by-NMR [21]. These applications will be discussed in the last part of this chapter. As usually most of the components show very similar molecular weight, their spectroscopic parameters, such as relaxation rates or selfdiffusion coefficients, are not very different and application of these methodologies for chemical characterization is not straightforward. An exception is diffusion-edited spectroscopy, which can be a feasible way to analyze the structure of compounds within a mixture without the need of prior separation. This was the case for the analysis of a mixture of five esters (propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, isopropyl butyrate and butyl levulinate) [18]. By the combined use of diffusion-edited NMR and 2-D NMR methods such as Total Correlation Spectroscopy (TOCSY), it was possible to elucidate the structure of the components of this mixture. This strategy was called diffusion encoded spectroscopy DECODES. Another example of combination between diffusion-edited spectroscopy and traditional 2-D NMR experiment is the DOSY-NOESY experiment [22]. The use of these experiments have proven to be useful in the identification of compounds from small split and mix synthetic pools. 

Acetyl tri butyl citrate Acetyl triethyl citrate Acetyl trimethyl citrate Cellulose acetate butyrate Cellulose acetate propionate Ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate Ethylene/acrylic acid/vinyl acetate copolymer PVM/MA copolymer, isopropyl ester Trihexyl citrate Trimethyl citrate film-former, colored cosmetics Diisostearoyl trimethylolpropane siloxy silicate film-former, conditioners Hydrolyzed wheat protein Polyquaternium-6 film-former, conditioning shampoo Polyquaternium-2 film-former, cosmetic emulsions Acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer film-former, cosmetic topicals PEG-8/SMDI copolymer PPG-51/SMDI copolymer... 

Polyvinyl alcohol Polyvinyl butyral Polyvinyl imidazolinium acetate Polyvinyl laurate Polyvinyl methyl ether Potassium acetate Potassium carrageenan Potassium hyaluronate PPG-12/SMDI copolymer PPG-26/TDI copolymer Procollagen Propylene glycol diundecanoate PVM/MA copolymer PVM/MA copolymer, butyl ester PVM/MA copolymer, ethyl ester PVM/MA copolymer, isopropyl ester PVM/MA decadiene crosspolymer PVP... 

PMMA is not affected by most inorganic solutions, mineral oils, animal oils, low concentrations of alcohols paraffins, olefins, amines, alkyl monohahdes and ahphatic hydrocarbons and higher esters, ie, >10 carbon atoms. However, PMMA is attacked by lower esters, eg, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate aromatic hydrocarbons, eg, benzene, toluene, xylene phenols, eg, cresol, carboHc acid aryl hahdes, eg, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene ahphatic acids, eg, butyric acid, acetic acid alkyl polyhaHdes, eg, ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride high concentrations of alcohols, eg, methanol, ethanol 2-propanol and high concentrations of alkahes and oxidizing agents. 

Citric acid esters are used as plasticizers ia plastics such as poly(viayl chloride), poly(vinhdene chloride), poly(viQyl acetate), poly(viQyl butyral), polypropylene, chlorinated rubber, ethylceUulose, and cellulose nitrate. Most citrate esters are nontoxic and are acceptable by the FDA for use in food-contact packaging and for flavor in certain foods. As a plasticizer, citrate esters provide good heat and light stabiUty and excellent flexibiUty at low temperatures. Triethyl citrate, tri- -butyl citrate, isopropyl citrate, and stearyl citrate are considered GRAS for use as food ingredients (224—228). 

Hulshof et al. introduced 10 as an alcohol racemization catalyst [31]. Alcohol DKR was performed with 0.1mol% of 10, CALB, isopropyl butyrate as the acyl donor, potassium carbonate and about 20mol% of the corresponding ketone at 70°C (Scheme 1.23). Without the ketone, yield and optical purity of the product ester were decreased significantly. 2-Propanol produced by the acyl transfer reaction was removed at reduced pressure during the DKR to shift the equilibrium to acylated products. 

The products were isolated as esters by reaction of the acylcobalt carbonyls with an alcohol and iodine. In the case of the alkyl halides, carbon monoxide was normally absorbed, but under nitrogen, acylcobalt tricarbonyls must be formed. The reaction with alkyl halides was slow and some isomerization was noted using M-propyl iodide (formation of n-butyrates and isobutyrates). Absence of carbon monoxide promoted the isomerization. Isopropyl iodide gave no reaction. When ethyl a-bromopropionate was used, no isomerization was found at — 25 °C under carbon monoxide, but the isomerized product, diethyl succinate, was the major product at 25° C under carbon monoxide or nitrogen. Under the conditions of the experiments no isomerization of the alkyl halide itself was found. 

Other examples in which finely divided silvor is used, are, the preparation of suberic ester from y-brom-butyric ester, aud di-isopropyl succinic ester from a-brom-isovaleric ester 2... 

SYNS BENZYL ISOVALERATE (FCC) BENZYL-3-METHYLBUTANOATE BENZYL-3-METHYL BUTYRATE FEMA No. 2152 ISOPENTANOIC ACID, PHENYLMETHYL ESTER ISOPROPYL ACETIC ACID, BENZYL ESTER 3-METHYLBUTANOIC ACID, PHENYLETHYL ESTER... 

Acetylation of horseradish peroxidase increased its half-life at 65°C fivefold and made it more tolerant to dimethyl-formamide, tetrahydrofuran, and methanol.91 Chymotrypsin is more active in organic media when immobilized than when it is just suspended.92 The selectivity of enzymes in organic media can vary with the solvent.93 The transesterification of racemic 1-phenylethanol with vinyl butyrate using subtilisin gave the best enantioselectivity in dioxane (61%) and the least in N-metby 1 acetamide (3%). Pretreatment of a lipase from Candida rugosa in isopropyl alcohol increased the activity slightly and the enantioselectivity by more than tenfold in the resolution of ester 9.5.94 The R isomer had 93.1% enantiomeric excess (ee) the S isomer 94.4%. 

Synonyms Benzyl 3-methyl butanoate Benzyl 3-methyl butyrate Isopentanoic acid, phenylmethyl ester Isopropyl acetic acid, benzyl ester Isovaleric acid, benzyl ester 3-Methylbutanoic acid, phenylethyl ester Empirical C12H16O2... 

Ethyl benzoate Isopropyl alcohol Methyl propionate Propyl acetate solvent, cellulose esters Acetophenone Amyl formate Benzyl alcohol Benzyl formate Dibutyl tartrate Diethyl oxalate Epichlorohydrin Ethyl butyrate Ethylene glycol diacetate Ethyl propionate... 

Nitrocellulose, polyester, acrylic and methacrylic ester copolymer, formaldehyde resin, rosin, cellulose acetate butyrate are the most frequently used polymers in nail polish formulations. Solvents were selected to suit the polymer used. These include acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl glycol acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, xylene, isopropyl alcohol, methyl chloroform, and naphtha. Solvents constitute a substantial Ifaction of the composition usually around 70%. Reformulation is ongoing to improve the flexibility and durability of the nail polish. Other efforts are directed to improve antifungal properties,to eliminate ketones and formaldehyde resin (ketones because of their toxicity and irritating smell and formaldehyde resins because they contribute to dermatitis), and elimination of yellowing. All efforts are di-... 

More recently Webb et al. (1952) reported no isopropyl alcohol in a wine fusel oil sample. They did find 4.1% n-propyl, 1.9% n-butyl, 4.9% ( — )-sec-butyl, 18.3% isobutyl, 9.6% ( —)-2-methyl-l-butanol, 54% isoamyl, trace of n-amyl, 1.5% n-hexyl, 5.6% esters, and traces of acetic and butyric acids and acetal. The esters included 0.19% ethyl caproate, 0.60% ethyl caprylate, 0.52% isoamyl caprylate, 1.32% ethyl caprate, 0.38% isobutyl caprate, 0.58% ethyl laurate, 0.25% ethyl palmitate, a trace of butyrate ester, 0.06% myristate ester. Probably present were methyl salicylate, isoamyl caprate, active amyl caproate, isoamyl caproate, active amyl caprylate, isobutyl caprylate, active amyl caprate, active amyl laurate, and isoamyl laurate. 

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