Isoamyl Caproate

Isoamyl Hexanoate FEMA No. 2075 Amyl Hexanoate Isoamyl Caproate Pentyl Hexanoate 186.29/C H2202/ CH3(CH2)4COOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2 colorless liq/ fruity s—ale, most fixed oils ins—gly, prop glycol, water/ 222° 1 mL in 3 mL 80% ale gives clear soln... 

SYNS AMYL HEXANOATE FEMA No. 2075 ISOAMYL CAPROATE ISOAMYL HEXANOATE ISOPENTYL HEX.YNOATE ISOPENTYL-n-HEXANOATE... 

Isoamyl caproate. See Isoamyl hexanoate Isoamyl caprylate. See Isoamyl octanoate Isoamyl chloride CAS 107-84-6... 

Synonyms Amyl hexanoate Isoamyl caproate Isopentyl hexanoate Isopentyl-n-hexanoate... 

More recently Webb et al. (1952) reported no isopropyl alcohol in a wine fusel oil sample. They did find 4.1% n-propyl, 1.9% n-butyl, 4.9% ( — )-sec-butyl, 18.3% isobutyl, 9.6% ( —)-2-methyl-l-butanol, 54% isoamyl, trace of n-amyl, 1.5% n-hexyl, 5.6% esters, and traces of acetic and butyric acids and acetal. The esters included 0.19% ethyl caproate, 0.60% ethyl caprylate, 0.52% isoamyl caprylate, 1.32% ethyl caprate, 0.38% isobutyl caprate, 0.58% ethyl laurate, 0.25% ethyl palmitate, a trace of butyrate ester, 0.06% myristate ester. Probably present were methyl salicylate, isoamyl caprate, active amyl caproate, isoamyl caproate, active amyl caprylate, isobutyl caprylate, active amyl caprate, active amyl laurate, and isoamyl laurate. 

The data presented in Table 1 showed that the oil is composed of at least sixty-two distinct peaks. 44 compounds have been unequivocally identified constituting more than 90% of the oil. cA-dihydrocarveol (23.89%), trcms-sabinyl acetate (22.97%) and ira 5-chrysanthenyl acetate (13.50%) were the major constituents myrtenol constituted 5.85% thymol, 1.5% isoamyl caproate, 1.23% and isobutyl isopentanoic acid ester, 1.18%, respectively (Table 1). 

Figure 14 Total ion chromatogram showing the volatile components obtained from a ripe banana by headspace SPME using a 100- Am polydimethylsUoxane fiber. Small plugs removed from the banana using the blunt end of a disposable pipet were placed into a 20-mL headspace vial for the extraction. The SPME equilibration time was 10 minutes at room temperature, and the same chromatographic conditions as listed in Figure 12 were used. The numbered components are (1) ethanol, (2) isoamyl alcohol, (3) isobutyl acetate, (4) isoamyl acetate, (5) isobutyl butyrate, (6) isoamyl isobutyrate, (7) isoamyl butyrate, (8) isoamyl iso valerate, (9) isoamyl caproate, (10) 3-hexenyl caproate, (11) eugenol, and (12) elemicin.

In addition to diacetyl, O. oeni produces esters, flavor compounds also important for wine flavor and aroma. Esters are primarily produced by Saccharomyces during alcoholic fermentation (Mason and Dufour, 2000 Nykanen, 1986 Nykanen and Nykanen, 1977 Soles et al., 1982), although evidence shows that esters such as ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, ethyl hexano-ate, and ethyl octanoate can be synthesized by O. oeni (De Revel et al., 1999 Delaquis-Pascal et al., 2000 Edwards and Peterson, 1994 Maicas et al., 1999 Tracey and Britz, 1989). For example, Edwards and Peterson (1994) reported that strains of O. oeni synthesized relatively large amounts of ethyl lactate (183-1280 /ig/L) during growth in microbiological medium. In agreement, Maicas et al. (1999) reported that 50 mg/L of ethyl lactate was produced in wines fermented with O. oeni, as well as isoamyl acetate and ethyl caproate, compounds important for a pleasant fruity note in wine (Gil et al., 1996 Mason and Dufour, 2000 Nykanen, 1986). 

The production of the higher alcohols, the acetates of isoamyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol, and the ethyl esters of the C6-C10 fatty acids has been studied in semiaerobic sugar fermentations by strains of . cerevisiae and S. uvarum. S. cerevisiae generally produced more esters than S. uvarum. Isoamyl acetate was the main ester produced by >. cerevisiae. and others, in decreasing order, were ethyl caprylate, ethyl caproate, ethyl caprate and phenylethyl acetate(39). Several unusual thio compounds have been produced by Saccharomvces in model anaerobic fermentations using amino acids such as methionine as the sole carbon source(21). These model fermentations produce methylthiopropanal and traces of other sulfur containing compounds, such as methionyl acetate and 2-methyltetrahydrothiophene-3-one. 

The human sense of taste can detect only four flavors - sweet, sour, bitter, and salty. The remaining flavor notes detected are, in reality, aromas. Therefore, many flavor-producing compounds are volatile, making them amenable to purge and trap GLC. This is particularly applicable to the study of alcoholic beverages, which are perfect examples of a food that relies heavily on both aroma and taste for product acceptance. There are dozens of compounds involved in flavor. Some of those are propanol, ethyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl caproate, ethyl caprylate and ethyl caprate. 

Amyl butyrate. See Isoamyl butyrate n-Amyl butyrate. See Amyl butyrate y-N-Amylbutyrolactone. See y-Nonalactone Amyi Cadmate . See Cadmium diamyidithiocarbamate Amyl caproate Amyl capronate. See Amyl... 

As described by Lambrechts and Pretorius (2000) and Verstrepen et al. (2003), esters possess a range of odors such as solvent-hke or nail polish (ethyl acetate), fruity, pear, or banana (isoamyl acetate), floral or fruity (ethyl butanoate), sour apple (ethyl caproate and ethyl caprylate), and flowery, roses, or honey (phenyl ethyl acetate). Given the number of different esters present in varying concentrations produced by yeasts, there is little doubt that wine aroma can be strongly influenced by these compounds (Schreier, 1979). 

Isoamyl acetate Isobutyl propionate Methyl caproate Propyl butyrate Propyl isobutyrate... 

Xylenol Veratrole Ethyl fumarate Ethyl maleate Methylheptenone Ethyl succinate 2-Octanone Butyl butsrrate Ethyl caproate Isoamyl propionate Isobutyl butsrrate Isobutyl isobutsrrate Butyl ether... 

Dimethylcyclohexane Isoamyl propionate Ethyl caproate Isobutyl butyrate Isobutyl isobutyrate Propyl isovalerate Octane... 

Benzyl methyl ether p-Methylanisole Phenetole Dimethylaniline Methylheptenone Ethyl caproate Isoamyl propionate ec-Octyl alcohol Cumene... 

Ethyl caproate Isoamyl propionate Isobutyl butyrate Ethyl silicate Indene Mesitylene Propylbenzene... 

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