Butyl ethyl acetylene

C4H6 ethyl acetylene 107-00-6 2.770 3942 C4H10S butyl mercaptan 109-79-5 3.400... 

Etherification. The reaction of alkyl haUdes with sugar polyols in the presence of aqueous alkaline reagents generally results in partial etherification. Thus, a tetraaHyl ether is formed on reaction of D-mannitol with aHyl bromide in the presence of 20% sodium hydroxide at 75°C (124). Treatment of this partial ether with metallic sodium to form an alcoholate, followed by reaction with additional aHyl bromide, leads to hexaaHyl D-mannitol (125). Complete methylation of D-mannitol occurs, however, by the action of dimethyl sulfate and sodium hydroxide (126). A mixture of tetra- and pentabutyloxymethyl ethers of D-mannitol results from the action of butyl chloromethyl ether (127). Completely substituted trimethylsilyl derivatives of polyols, distillable in vacuo, are prepared by interaction with trim ethyl chi oro s il an e in the presence of pyridine (128). Hexavinylmannitol is obtained from D-mannitol and acetylene at 25.31 MPa (250 atm) and 160°C (129). 

The direct combination of selenium and acetylene provides the most convenient source of selenophene (76JHC1319). Lesser amounts of many other compounds are formed concurrently and include 2- and 3-alkylselenophenes, benzo[6]selenophene and isomeric selenoloselenophenes (76CS(10)159). The commercial availability of thiophene makes comparable reactions of little interest for the obtention of the parent heterocycle in the laboratory. However, the reaction of substituted acetylenes with morpholinyl disulfide is of some synthetic value. The process, which appears to entail the initial formation of thionitroxyl radicals, converts phenylacetylene into a 3 1 mixture of 2,4- and 2,5-diphenylthiophene, methyl propiolate into dimethyl thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate, and ethyl phenylpropiolate into diethyl 3,4-diphenylthiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate (Scheme 83a) (77TL3413). Dimethyl thiophene-2,4-dicarboxylate is obtained from methyl propiolate by treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide and thionyl chloride (Scheme 83b) (66CB1558). The rhodium carbonyl catalyzed carbonylation of alkynes in alcohols provides 5-alkoxy-2(5//)-furanones (Scheme 83c) (81CL993). The inclusion of ethylene provides 5-ethyl-2(5//)-furanones instead (82NKK242). The nickel acetate catalyzed addition of r-butyl isocyanide to alkynes provides access to 2-aminopyrroles (Scheme 83d) (70S593). 

In the case of 1,3-diphenylisoindole (29), Diels-Alder addition with maleic anhydride is readily reversible, and the position of equilibrium is found to be markedly dependent on the solvent. In ether, for example, the expected adduet (117) is formed in 72% yield, whereas in aeetonitrile solution the adduet is almost completely dissociated to its components. Similarly, the addition product (118) of maleic anhydride and l,3-diphenyl-2-methjdi.soindole is found to be completely dissociated on warming in methanol. The Diels-Alder products (119 and 120) formed by the addition of dimethyl acetylene-dicarboxylate and benzyne respectively to 1,3-diphcnylisoindole, show no tendency to revert to starting materials. An attempt to extrude carbethoxynitrene by thermal and photochemical methods from (121), prepared from the adduct (120) by treatment with butyl-lithium followed by ethyl chloroform ate, was unsuccessful. 

Palladium catalyst foe partial ee DUCTION OF ACETYLENES, 46, 89 Palladium on charcoal, catalyst for reductive methylation of ethyl p-mtrophenylacetate, 47, 69 in reduction of l butyl azidoacetate to glycine J-butyl ester 4B, 47 Palladium oxide as catalyst for reduction of sodium 2 nitrobenzene sulfinate, 47, S... 

Nucleophilic addition to acetylenic sulfoxides provides a,/ -ethylenic sulfoxides. Treatment of 181 with monoalkyl-copper afforded nearly quantitatively /J-alkylated a, / -ethylenic sulfoxides 182 through cis-addition to the triple bond. The reaction with lithium dimethylcuprate also afforded a similar adduct however, the reaction with lithium di-n-butylcuprate was found to give a small amount of ethyl n-butyl sulfoxide 183 besides the... 

Potassium or lithium derivatives of ethyl acetate, dimethyl acetamide, acetonitrile, acetophenone, pinacolone and (trimethylsilyl)acetylene are known to undergo conjugate addition to 3-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-1 -cyclohexenyl t-butyl sulfone 328. The resulting a-sulfonyl carbanions 329 can be trapped stereospecifically by electrophiles such as water and methyl iodide417. When the nucleophile was an sp3-hybridized primary anion (Nu = CH2Y), the resulting product was mainly 330, while in the reaction with (trimethylsilyl)acetylide anion the main product was 331. 

KETONE, ferf-butyl phenyl [1-Propanone, 2,2-dimethyl-l-phenyl-], 55, 122 Ketone, methyl ethyl- [2-Butanone, 55, 25 KFTONES, acetylenic [Ketones, ethynic]... 

Butanol, which at one time was an unwanted by-product in the preparation of acetone, is now the most important product of the fermentation. The building of a large new factory in Puerto Rico using 10,000 tons of molasses per annum for its production is an indication of this importance. Butanol is probably still the best solvent for cellulose nitrate lacquers. Dibutyl phthalate is certainly the most widely used plasticizer for synthetic resins, and butyl oleate, tributyl citrate and dibutyl tartrate have also been described as plasticizers. Another important use of butanol is as a source of butadiene, which serves as an intermediate in the conversion of sucrose into a synthetic rubber. Although in recent years other methods have been described for the preparation of butanol (for example, from ethyl alcohol and from acetylene), yet the fermentation of carbohydrates is still the cheapest process. 

KETENE, feef-butylcyano-, 55, 32 37, 38 Ketene 1 1-dimethylpropylcyano-, 55, 38 7-KETOESTERS, 58, 79, 81, 82 7-KETOESTERS TO PREPARE CYCLIC DIKETONES, 58, 83 KETONE terf-butyl phenyl, 55, 122 Ketone, methyl ethyl- 55, 25 Ketone, methyl vinyl, 56, 36 KETONES, acetylenic, 55, 52 Ketones, alkylation of, 56, 52 KETONFS aromatic, aromatic hydrocarbons from 55, 7... 

Twenty-five years ago the only oxygenated aliphatics produced in important quantities were ethyl and n-butyl alcohols and acetone made by the fermentation of molasses and grain, glycerol made from fats and oils, and methanol and acetic acid made by the pyrolysis of wood. In 1927 the production of acetic acid (from acetylene) and methanol (from synthesis gas) was begun, both made fundamentally from coal. All these oxygenated products are still made from the old raw materials by the same or similar processes, but the amount so made has changed very little in the past quarter century. Nearly all the tremendous growth in the production of this class of compounds has come from petroleum hydrocarbons. 

The literature reports direct grafting by gamma-rays exposure of Nylon fibers or films to the following monomers carbon monoxide (/65), ethylene (157), propylene (157), acetylene (166), butadiene (157.162,163), styrene (158, 161,163,167,168), vinyl chloride (157,163), vinyl fluoride (169-172), vinyl acetate (161,163,173), vinyl propionate (161), vinyl butyrate (161), vinyl crotonate (161), vinyl 2-ethyl hexanoate (161), acrylic add (173,174), methyl acrylate (162, 163), ethyl acrylate (162,163), allyl acrylate (163), methyl methacrylate (28,161, 163,164), butyl methacrylate (161), acrylamide (158), methylol acrylamide (163), acrylonitrile (157,160-163, 167, 175-179), divinyl sulfone (161), vinyl pyridine (167,173), vinyl pyrrolidone (28) and triallyl cyanurate (158). 

Bomeol, ferf-butyl alcohol d-camphor, cineol, pentamethyl ethyl alcohol Ally) alcohol, cyanogen, formaldehyde, formic acid, methylisothiocyanate Acetylene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethylene dichloride, propyl alcohol... 

Cycloadditions in which 1,2-dithietes acted formally as dienes are among the most typical reactions of 1,2-dithietes. The dithiete 144 is highly reactive and capable of reactions even with simple alkenes and alkynes (60JA1515 61JA3434,61JA3438). Thus, 144 reacted with acetylene to form 191 and 192 with the initial formation of 193, and with tetramethylethylene to give 194. Other [4 + 2] cycloadditions of 144 involved those with ethylene, cyclohexene, trans-stilbene, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl sulfide, 3-hexyne, and DMAD. 

The following abbreviations are used throughout this section Et, ethyl Pr, u-propyl unless otherwise indexed Bu, n-butyl unless otherwise indexed C H2 +1, n-alkyl unless otherwise indexed Bn, PhCH2 Ph, phenyl Ar, aryl Cp, / -cyclopentadienyl, unless otherwise indexed n-, normal iso s-, secondary t-, tertiary c-, cyclo p-, para m-hapto THE, tetrahydrofuran 2,5-DMTHF, 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran TBS, r-BuMe2Si MEM, methoxyethoxymethyl Tf, CF3SO2- acac, acetylacetonate Dibal, diisobutylaluminum hydride. Quite recently, a report on this mechanism of titanium-catalyzed hydromagnesa-tion of acetylenes appeared [120]. 

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