Styrene butadiene and

MBS = methyl methacrylate—butadiene—styrene and MABS = methacrylate-acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene. 

A use is for internally illuminated signs in which any color can be introduced. Its dii sional stability recommends it for many optical uses. Acrylics are modified by copoly-mf ition to improve impact strength at the loss their extreme transparency.. An example is aci -modified polyvinyl chloride sheet, which is tougher than aciylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polycarbonate and is suitable for corrosion-resistant pans, aircraft parts and materia idling equipment. 

Thermoplastic polymers, such as poly(styrene) may be filled with soft elastomeric particles in order to improve their impact resistance. The elastomer of choice is usually butadiene-styrene, and the presence of common chemical groups in the matrix and the filler leads to improved adhesion between them. In a typical filled system, the presence of elastomeric particles at a level of 50% by volume improves the impact strength of a brittle glassy polymer by a factor of between 5 and 10. 

This comprehensive article supplies details of a new catalytic process for the degradation of municipal waste plastics in a glass reactor. The degradation of plastics was carried out at atmospheric pressure and 410 degrees C in batch and continuous feed operation. The waste plastics and simulated mixed plastics are composed of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and polyethylene terephthalate. In the study, the degradation rate and yield of fuel oil recovery promoted by the use of silica alumina catalysts are compared with the non-catalytic thermal degradation. 9 refs. lAPAN... 

IARC. 1979. Acrylonitrile, acrylic and modacrylic fibres, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of... 

One component of a terpolymer of butadiene, styrene and vinyl pyridine used in latex form to promote good adhesion between rubber and textiles, particularly rayon and nylon. Viscoelasticity... 

In order to determine the sources of contamination, some water samples, including wastewaters and effluents from different industries were also sampled. Along the Cinca River and in the industrial area of Monzon, industrial effluents from two different industries were selected the first one produced EPS (Expandable polystyrene) treated with flame retardants and ABS (Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene), and the second one produced PVC (Polyvinyl chloride). As regards the Vero River, three industries were sampled the first one, a textile industry which produced polyester fibers treated with flame retardants, the second one produced epoxy... 

Diene polymers refer to polymers synthesized from monomers that contain two carbon-carbon double bonds (i.e., diene monomers). Butadiene and isoprene are typical diene monomers (see Scheme 19.1). Butadiene monomers can link to each other in three ways to produce ds-1,4-polybutadiene, trans-l,4-polybutadi-ene and 1,2-polybutadiene, while isoprene monomers can link to each other in four ways. These dienes are the fundamental monomers which are used to synthesize most synthetic rubbers. Typical diene polymers include polyisoprene, polybutadiene and polychloroprene. Diene-based polymers usually refer to diene polymers as well as to those copolymers of which at least one monomer is a diene. They include various copolymers of diene monomers with other monomers, such as poly(butadiene-styrene) and nitrile butadiene rubbers. Except for natural polyisoprene, which is derived from the sap of the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, all other diene-based polymers are prepared synthetically by polymerization methods. 

Most plastics e.g. polyolefins and polystyrenes and their derivatives such as ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) and SAN (styrene-acrylonitrile) are supplied by the manufacturers in ready-to-use form with most of the above-mentioned stabilizers or simply need to be additionally stabilized with other additives, e.g. antistatic agents and HALS stabilizers, as required. On the other hand, in the case of other materials (e.g. PVC) it is the end user who adds the additives, pigments or preparations. This is normally done on fluid or high-speed mixers, although in the past gravity mixers or tumble mixers were also used. The mixture is then homogenized on mixing rolls, kneaders, planetary extruders or twin-screw kneaders and further processed. 

Uses Copolymerized with methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, or 1,1-dichloroethylene to produce acrylic and modacrylic fibers and high-strength fibers ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) and acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers nitrile rubber cyano-ethylation of cotton synthetic soil block (acrylonitrile polymerized in wood pulp) manufacture of adhesives organic synthesis grain fumigant pesticide monomer for a semi-conductive polymer that can be used similar to inorganic oxide catalysts in dehydrogenation of tert-butyl alcohol to isobutylene and water pharmaceuticals antioxidants dyes and surfactants. 

Macaluso M, Larson R, Delzell E, et al Leukemia and cumulative exposure to butadiene, styrene and benzene among workers in the synthetic rubber industry. Toxicology 113 190-202, 1996... 

Poly(styrene-fe-butadiene-b-styrene) flower-like nanoparticles having a molecular weight of 56,700 Da with a polydispersity of 1.04 were prepared by Wang et al. (3) using equimolar amounts of triethylamine and butyllithium with butadiene, styrene, and divinylbenzene. 

An example of this type of a safer chemical is methacrylonitrile (1) compared with acrylonitrile (2) (Figure 1.1). Both compounds are a, 3-unsaturated aliphatic nitriles, and structurally very similar, but 2 causes cancer whereas 1 does not appear to do so. Among other applications, 2 is used in the production of acrylic and modacrylic fibers, elastomers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and styrene-acrylonitrile resins, nitrile rubbers, and gas barrier resins. In a study conducted by the US National Toxicology Program (NTP) in which 2 was administered orally to mice for 2 years, there was clear evidence that it caused cancer in the treated mice (in addition to causing other toxic effects), and is classified by the NTP as a probable human carcinogen [26]. 

Other important raw material uses of ethyl alcohol are conversion to esters and ethers, vinegar, ethyl chloride, butadiene, styrene, and chloral (for DDT). Nearly all the new developments in chemicals from ethyl alcohol, particularly the four-, six-, and eight-carbon derivatives are based on alcohol derived from petroleum. The butyl alcohol and butyl acetate so made supplement the production by fermentation and from oxidation of hydrocarbons and synthesis gas operations. The consumption of ethyl alcohol for all industrial uses (denatured alcohol) exceeded 1.2 billion pounds (100% basis) in 1950. More than 700,000,000 pounds of this were made from petroleum. 

Besides MMBS, also related copolymers, such as methyl meth-acrylate/acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene and acrylonitrile/ethylene/ propylene/diene/styrene are impact modifiers for PC compositions (16). 

Products with improved properties use instead pure PMMA a terpolymer from 1,3-butadiene, styrene, and methyl methacrylate (8). Actually, the proposed blend consists of up to 6 components of copolymers of different composition and particle diameters. 

Internal plasticizing demands a chemical relationship between the components which constitute the product. Therefore, good effects can be expected from copolymers of styrene and isobutylene, ethylene, or diolefins like butadiene or isoprene. Internal plasticizing of PVC can be effected by copolymerizing vinyl chloride with acrylates of higher alcohols or maleates and fumarates. The important ABS products are internal copolymers of butadiene, styrene, and acrylonitrile. The hardness of the unipolymers of styrene and acrylonitrile can be modified by butadiene which, as a unipolymer, gives soft, rubberlike products. As the copolymerization parameters of most monomers are known, it is relatively easy to choose the most suitable partner for the copolymerization. When the product of the r—values is l, there is an ideal copolymerization, because the relative reactivity of both monomers toward the radicals is the same. Styrene/butadiene, styrene/vinyl thiophene, and... 

ABS is short for poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) and this is a copolymer, so called because it is made from a mixture of basic monomer units, each of which bring some desirable property to the final product. ABS is widely used to make children s toys, car facias, and fingernail extensions. 

Styrene Copolymers. The so-called thermoplastic rubbers based on styrene-butadiene-styrene and styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers can be used for hot-melt adhesives, particularly when extended with tackifying resins and oils. They can be made into pressure-sensitive adhesives, as melts with low viscosity—being applied from fine spinnerets which are oscillated to make a... 

Thermoplastic polymers, notably acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polyvinyl chloride Applications include ... 

Frank and coworkers (14) dimerized butadiene, styrene, and a-methylstyrene with finely dispersed sodium metal to give sebacic acid and substituted adipic acids, respectivdy, in good yields. In the case of butadiene, a portion of the product was a substituted suberic acid. Styrene and a-methylstyrene (14a) gave, on termination with water, about 90% yields of 1,4-diphenylbutane and 2,5-diphenylhexane, respectively. 

Incorporation of Ti02 into polystyrene(s), styrene-acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, and other associated copolymers and alloys is normally by way of concentrates prepared on equipment similar to that used for polyethylene. This concentration step is usually necessary to achieve high-quality dis-persion so color properties are fully developed and physical properties are not compromised. 

Polymer nanostrings consisting of block terpolymers of butadiene, styrene, and divinyl-benzene having a Mn of 46,744 daltons were prepared Wang [3] and used as additives in natural and synthetic automotive tires. The nano strings were then postmodified to enhance tire surface and bulk performance. 

Unclassified. Films from latices of butadiene, styrene and fumario acid may be cured with triethylenemelamine or tris(l-azir . idinyl) phosphine oxide, the crosslinked products giving very strong adhesion to glass plates, and having useful textile applications. (54)... 

W. Kaminsky and C. Mennerich, Pyrolysis of synthetic tire rubber in a fluidized-bed reactor to yield 1,3-butadiene, styrene and carbon black, J. Anal. App. Pyrolysis, 58-59, 803-811 (2001). 

Polymerization Reactions Polyvinyl Acetate, Polyvinyl Chloride, Acrylics, Butadiene-Styrene and Copolymers. 

ABS polymers terminated with HD-AO moiety RS- were prepared by means of polymerization of butadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of tert-dodecylmercaptan [70]. Syner m with phenolic AO was observed. A radical copolymer active as a thermostabilizer for fluoroalkyl methacrylates [71], was prepared from methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate and pentaerythritol tetrakisfthioglycolate). 

SBL) Butadiene/styrene and carboxylated butadi-ene/styrene and high styrene latexes of various monomer ratios. Modified versions are available. 

Morgan, A.B. Tour, J.M. Synthesis, flame-retardancy testing, and preliminary mechanism studies of nonhalogenated aromatic boronic acids a new class of condensed-phase polymer flame-retardant additives for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polycarbonate. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2000, 76, 1257-1268. 

Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Synthetic Rubber Division, Production Records monthly. Production of butadiene, styrene, and synthetic rubber in government plants. 

---