Bunker C oil

Thermally efficient calcination of lime dolomite and clay can be carried out in a multicompartmeut fluidized bed (Fig. 17-27). Fuels are burned in a fluidized bed of the product to produce the required heat. Bunker C oil, natural gas, and coal are used in commercial units. Temperature control is accurate enough to permit production of hme of very high availability with close control of slaking characteristics. Also, half calcination or dolomite is an accepted practice. The requirement of large crystal size for the hmestoue limits apphcatiou. SmaU-sized crystals in the hmestoue result in low yields due to high dust losses. 

Residual products (No. 6 fuel oil, bunker C oil) these products have little (usually, no) ability to evaporate. When spilled, persistent surface and intertidal area contamination is likely with long-term contamination of the sediment. The products are very viscous to semisolid and often become less viscous when warmed. They weather (oxidize) slowly and may form tar balls that can sink in waterways (depending on product density and water density). They are highly adhesive to soil. Heavy oil, a viscous petroleum, and bitumen from tar sand deposits also come into this category of contaminant. 

Commonly referred to as bunker C oil when it is used to fuel ocean-going vessels. 

Naphthalene and its homologs are less acutely toxic than benzene but are more prevalent for a longer period during oil spills. The toxicity of different crude oils and refined oils depends not only on the total concentration of hydrocarbons but also the hydrocarbon composition in the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of petroleum, water solubility, concentrations of individual components, and toxicity of the components. The water-soluble fractions prepared from different oils wiU vary in these parameters. Water-soluble fractions (WSFs) of refined oils (e.g.. No. 2 fuel oil and bunker C oil) are more toxic than water-soluble fraction of crude oil to several species of fish (killifish and salmon). Compounds with either more rings or methyl substitutions are more toxic than less substituted compounds, but tend to be less water soluble and thus less plentiful in the water-soluble fraction. 

No. 6 fuel oil a heavy fuel oil and is more commonly known as bunker C oil when it is used to fuel oceangoing vessels preheating is always required for burning this oil. 

The 4-ft unit is primarily used to treat soils contaminated with gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, oil, mineral oil, and kerosene. The 5-ft and 6-ft parallel flow LTTD units are designed to treat Bunker C oil, crude oil, and creosote soil contaminants. These plants can also treat soils contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons, pesticides, and solvents. 

OILS, FUEL 6 Bunker C oil, Residual fuel oil N°6 Combustible Liquid 0 2 0 ... 

Bunker C Oil A very viscous fuel oil (No.6) used as a fuel for marine and industrial boilers. Burning Agent Compounds such as gasoline which are used to ignite and sustain combustion of material that would not otherwise bum. 

Coke oven gas Natural gas Liquefied petroleum gas Refinery gas Naphtha Fuel oil Bunker C oil Ammonium phosphates... 

Figure 15. Three HPLC absorption chromatograms lower is trace enrichment chromatogram of clean (uncontaminated) sea water middle chromatogram is a methanol extract of a Bunker C oil upper chromatogram is a trace enrichment chromatogram of sea water after 1 day contact with Bunker C oil.

Auto and tractor diesel Home heating oil Commercial heating oil Industrial heating oil Lubricants Bunker C oil Asphalt Coke... 

In the case of oil contaminated sand, the steam extraction comprises only of steps I--III the product streams in this case are shown with white arrows. As the sample of contaminated sand is made up by mixing bunker C oil with beach sand, no screening is required. It is also found that the recovery is maximum without addition of any wetting agent. 

Due to the viscous nature of the bunker C oil, a large amount is left on the flotation cells wall and impeller assembly (axis and baffles). This fact explains the relatively low overall recovery of hydrocaAons (35%), although 99% of this substance is separated along with the froth. These losses are a result of the small-scale of the laboratory apparatus. In a properly designed continuous process, no significant hydrocarbon or solid losses will occur. 

Mitsubishi Petrochemicals Japan 1961 Bunker C oil Shell ADIP C... 

Lucky Goldstar Chemical Ltd. South Korea 1969 Bunker C oil Shell Sulfinol Ammonia... 

Photo 82 Dispersant does not mix with or disperse heavy oils. The dispersant in this photo, which appears white, mixes into the water column without significantly dispersing the Bunker C oil. (Environment Canada)... 

The first major spill incident at which burning was tried as a cleanup technique was when the Torrey Canyon lost oil off the coast of Great Britain in 1967. The military dropped bombs and incendiary devices on the spill, but the oil did not ignite. These results discouraged others from trying this technique. Only two years later, however, Dutch authorities were successful at burning test slicks both at sea and on shore. In 1970, Swedish authorities successfully burned Bunker C oil from a ship... 

Distillation fractions — These represent the fraction (generally measured by volume) of an oil that is boiled off at a given temperature. For example, while 70% of gasoline will boil off at 100°C, only about 5% of a crude oil will boil off at that temperature, and an even smaller amount of a typical Bunker C oil. The distillation fractions of an oil correlate strongly to the composition of the oil as well as to other physical properties of the oil. 

BUNKER C OIL (68553-00-4) Combustible liquid (flash point 150°-270°F/66°-I32°C). Violent reaction with oxidizers, fluorine. Incompatible with nitric acid. Flow or agitation of substance may generate electrostatic charges due to low conductivity. 

Conover, R. J. Some Relations Between Zooplankton and Bunker C Oil... 

Strobel, C.J., and A.H. Brenowitz. 1981. Effects of bunker C oil on juvenile horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus). Estuaries 4 157-159. 

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