Broader context

As defined above, chemistry is a very broad subject. It extends from the scientific study of substances ( pure chemistry) to their manufacture and use ( applied chemistry). It requires both mental effort and practical skill. It impacts on the world both intellectually and practically. When stud5dng any particular part of chemistry, this broader context needs to be kept continually in mind. 

I am very grateful to my colleagues with whom I have discussed the material in this course over many years, especially Dr. David A. Johnson, the late Dr. John R. Chipperfield, and the late Dr. B. Michael Chadwick. John encotrraged me to put the course on the internet and prepared the text for this. I dedicate the web version to his memory. 

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One example of a quantitative measure of molecular chirality is the continuous chirality measure (CCM) [39, 40]. It was developed in the broader context of continuous symmetry measures. A chital object can be defined as an object that lacks improper elements of symmetry (mirror plane, center of inversion, or improper rotation axes). The farther it is from a situation in which it would have an improper element of symmetry, the higher its continuous chirality measure. 

HAZARD The inherent property of a substance capable of causing harm (e.g. toxicity, radioactivity, flammability, explosivity, reactivity, instability). In a broader context anything that can cause harm, e.g. electricity, oxygen-deficiency, machinery, extreme temperature. 

Another variation you may encounter is one of style some companies circulate management systems information in a veiy terse, concise manner, keeping strictly to the procedures required. Others present this information in a broader context, providing employees with an understanding of the "why" as well as the "what."... 

Sawkins, F.J. (1982) The formation of Kuroko-type deposits viewed within the broader context of ore genesis theory. Mining Geology, 32, 25-34. 

Principles and Characteristics Multidimensionality in planar chromatography takes a broader context than is common for column separations. For TLC, various modes of multidimensional separations are used ... 

Grube, Karen Joyce Gordon-. "The alchemical golden tree and associated imagery in the poems of Edward Taylor, viewed in the broader context of the Hermetic Paracelsist philosophy, (vol. 1-2)." Freie Univ Berlin, 1990. 

In preparing this chapter, the authors surveyed a vast literature seeking studies with original findings, convincing explanations, and probable useful applications. Merely solid studies were downplayed, as their results are more or less predictable. Whenever possible, studies of palladium complexes were placed in their broader context, with minimal dilution of the content of this chapter. 

John Dupre Perhaps he should be aware of what he is doing in a broader context. 

Intracellular symbiosis is extremely widespread in invertebrates. For example, mutualistic symbioses with intracellular bacteria can be found in almost all animal phyla, including sponges, cnidaria, nematodes, anellids, mollusca and arthropoda. Buchner (1965) thoroughly reviews most information published on bacterial symbiosis in animals up to 1964. After this monumental work, various reviews on more specific subjects have been published (e.g. Baumann, 1998, and references therein) including some recent reviews on Wolbachia (O Neill et al., 1997 Werren, 1997). In most of these papers, the term symbiosis is apparently used with a broad meaning the intracellular bacterium is usually referred to as an endosymbiont even in the absence of data on effects on host fitness. Here only key points on intracellular symbiosis and Wolbachia will be summarized, so as to put the information available on symbiosis in filarial nematodes into a broader context. 

Viewed in a much broader context, C-aldopentofuranosyl derivatives may also be regarded as highly functionalized, chiral derivatives of substituted tetrahydrofuran. As such, they may be useful intermediates in the synthesis of a variety of compounds that contain a chiral, substituted tetrahydrofuran ring. 

Make an existing component reusable in a broader context. Resources have been assigned for work outside the immediate project need (see Pattern 10.2, Componentware Management). 

The availability of biomass and the allocation of biomass resources across energy sectors are crucial, as this energy source is faced with high expectations with regard to its future potentials. Although the potential analysis undertaken here is focused on the electricity sector, with regard to biomass, all energy sectors have been considered. The total domestic availability of solid biomass is approximately 221 Mtoe/yr (9.2 PJ/yr).3 To indicate the European perspective in a broader context, it is assumed that biomass can be imported to the European market. Specifically ... 

After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process. 

It is noteworthy that in this broader context of decision making, the conservative behavior of scientists who use conventions as if they were rules of nature constitutes a paradox. On the one hand, they usually demand odds overwhelmingly against the null hypothesis before concluding it is false, and therefore behave as a risk-aversive group reluctant to gamble personal and collective reputations. On the other, many behave as risk-takers and are often willing, collectively or individually, to loose major health and environmental risks upon the public. 

Scandals concerning hazardous substances or product defects that have been made public in a broader context have learning effects, which go far beyond the company concerned. This means that journalistic interest in the subject of chemicals and comparative testing facilities are important drivers for innovation. 

In a mnch broader context, Berner (1990) has modeled how long-term changes in CO2 concentrations can result from the shifting balance of processes that deliver CO2 to the atmosphere (such as volcanic activity) and processes that extract... 

The coupling of electronic and vibrational motions is studied by two canonical transformations, namely, normal coordinate transformation and momentum transformation on molecular Hamiltonian. It is shown that by these transformations we can pass from crude approximation to adiabatic approximation and then to non-adiahatic (diabatic) Hamiltonian. This leads to renormalized fermions and renotmahzed diabatic phonons. Simple calculations on H2, HD, and D2 systems are performed and compared with previous approaches. Finally, the problem of reducing diabatic Hamiltonian to adiabatic and crude adiabatic is discussed in the broader context of electronic quasi-degeneracy. 

In accord with the major purposes of a Discussion section, determine if you have enough information to (1) interpret your results, (2) explain the broader implications of your work, and/or (3) apply your results to a larger, broader context. 

Citations, inserted into the text of your written work, identify publications that have influenced your thinking and that provide pertinent background information for your readers. Although citations are formatted in different ways, they serve the same purposes, such as acknowledging others works, enhancing the writer s credibility, placing the current work into a broader context, and making it easy for readers to locate cited materials. 

In the broader context we must consider safety as it applies to a long list of topics. For every firework display there is the safety of the general public to consider. Equally important is the safety of the spectators, stewards and attendants, not forgetting the operators themselves. The list should also take account of the safety of animals and property, including buildings, vehicles and personal effects. An ill-aimed rocket can quite easily penetrate a bathroom window and continue burning once inside the room. 

Within the broader context of organic synthesis, one of the most powerful methods for establishing C-C bonds is based on exploiting the versatile nucleo-... 

Some broader contexts and meanings of these esoteric astral bodies were subsequently enunciated by C. W. Leadbeater in his book called Man Visible and Invisible (1902). Passages from this important Theosophical publication are worthy of citation because, besides reiterating standard notions about the wholly occultist astral bodies and haloes—the kind discussed by Revel in the book Duchamp is now known to have owned—they additionally document the role played within the Esoteric Tradition of important emblematic themes employed by Duchamp and long recognized by various Duchamp scholars. In short, the writings of Besant and Leadbeater prove that Theosophists often discussed both symbolic chemistry and the fourth dimension. Especially significant in this context is the fact that their pub-... 

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