Bladder emptying incomplete

Two types of urinary tract symptoms are commonly seen in MS incomplete bladder emptying and incontinence. Incomplete bladder emptying is due to dyscoordination of the external urethral sphincter and detrusor activity.14 Most patients who develop this condition require intermittent or permanent uri-I nary catheterization.14 Incontinence in most MS patients is... 

Lower abdominal fullness, hesitancy, straining to void, decreased force of stream, interrupted stream, sense of incomplete bladder emptying. May have urinary frequency and urgency, too. Abdominal pain if acute urinary retention is also present. 

Postvoid residual urine volume Amount of urine left in the urinary bladder after the patient has been asked to empty the bladder. Assessed by urethral catheterization or ultrasonography. Normal postvoid residual urine volume should be less than 50 mL. An increased postvoid residual urine volume is consistent with incomplete bladder emptying. 

As BPH progresses, the excess tissue results in prostatic enlargement and causes urethral obstruction. This obstruction is typically associated with characteristic symptoms such as hesitancy in starting urination, diminished urine stream size and force, involuntary interruptions in stream, and a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying (Claridge, 1966). In men with BPH, the mean decrease in maximum urinary flow rate is about 0.2 ml/s/year (Ball et al, 1981). 

Isoxazolecarboxamide derivatives, (ni), effective as a1L-adrenoreceptor agonists were prepared by Leonardi (3) and were effective in treating incontinence as well as voiding problems such as weak stream and incomplete bladder emptying. 

The ANS is also affected and postural hypotension may occur since sympathetic control of blood vessels is lost. Other areas affected by neuropathy include the gut, urinary bladder and sexual function, leading to diarrhoea, incomplete bladder emptying and impotence respectively. 

Obstructive symptoms, also known as prostatism or bladder outlet obstruction, result when dynamic and/or static factors reduce bladder emptying. The force of the urinary stream becomes diminished, urinary flow rate decreases, and bladder emptying is incomplete or takes a longer time. Patients report urinary hesitancy and straining and a weak urine stream. Urine dribbles out of their penis, and their bladder always feels full, even after they have voided. Some patients state that they need to press on their bladder to force urine out. In severe cases, patients may go into urinary retention when bladder... 

Tolterodine has a pronounced effect on bladder function in healthy volunteers. The main effects following a 6.4 mg single dose of tolterodine were an increase in residual urine, reflecting an incomplete emptying of the bladder, and a decrease in detrusor pressure. 

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) is characterised by micturition problems, i.e. dysu-ria, polliakisuria, delayed start of micturition and incomplete emptying of the bladder. 

Since megacystis can be expected in patients with prune belly syndrome, the investigator should be prepared for a large bladder volume (Fig. 17.4). A persistent urachus may be seen, and the bladder typically empties slowly and incompletely. Bilateral vesicoure-teric reflux is commonly observed. The prostatic urethra is often dilated, presents in a V-shaped manner, and the prostatic utricle maybe opacified. 

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