Bitumen boilers

Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 and ACoP (L22) Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 

Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquefied Petroleum Gases Regulations 1972 Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 1992 

Check the proposed operating area of the boiler in advance for suitability. Factors include access, surface load-bearing capacity, flammability in the area, ease of loading raw bitumen to the area, ease of removal and carrying of hot material. 

Plan the location so as to avoid or reduce the risk of fire. 

Boilers must only be sited on firm, level standing, and must never be left unattended or moved when lit. A minimum of 3 m space must be left between boilers and any LPG cylinder in the area, including those supplying the boiler. Boilers must not be overfilled. Containers used to carry hot bitumen should be fitted with lids to minimise splashing. Gas cylinder hose connections must be secured using metal clips at both ends. 

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Permits-to-work and you. (An introduction for workers m the petroleum industry). Revised 1991 Asbestos does your company work with asbestos Bitumen boilers in construction fire hazards Elammable liquids on construction sites... 

Code of Practice No. 4, Safe and Satisfactory Operation of Propane-Fired Bitumen Boilers, Mastic Asphalt Cauldrons/Mixers, and Hand Tools Code of Practice No. 7, Storage of Full and Empty LPG Cylinders and Cartridges Code of Practice No. 9, LPG-Air Plants Code of Practice No. 10, Recommendations for Safe Handling of LPG in Small Trailer Mounted Vessels, Skid Tanks and Small Bulk Storage Vessels Permanently Attached to Mobile Gas-fired Equipment... 

Other issues include the use of netting and protection against adverse weather conditions, by issuing suitable clothing (and possibly sun cream) and limiting exposure. The sensible positioning of bitumen boilers and gas cylinders will also reduce the risk of fire and... 

Operations such as the laying of bitumen in flat roofing operations requires a bitumen boiler which is powered by LPG and can pose a significant risk if not managed effectively this also falls under the title of hot work operations. 

Bitumen boilers 28. Mobile elevating work platforms... 

At least one dry powder fire extinguisher must be readily available for use by bitumen boilers. 

A PPE assessment must be made for those working with bitumen boilers by their employer consideration will be given to the need for eye protection in addition to gloves, also knee pads and other protective clothing or devices for those applying hot bitumen. 

Use of bitumen boilers other than at ground level Use of bitumen boilers in an enclosed area... 

Off-gas from the coke burner ( -Gas) contains nitrogen, sulphur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapour and other trace contaminants. The -Gas is directed to the CO Boiler for incineration where sulphur compounds are converted to SO2. The Boiler flue gas is passed through electrostatic precipitators for particulate control and then emission to atmosphere. The CO Boiler also serves as the Sulphur Plant tail gas incinerator. Maximum sulphur emissions are 146 tonnes/day or 10.6% of sulphur contained in bitumen feed to the cokers. 

Other factors indicated m the data of Tables 1 and 2 include Pour Point—defined as the lowest temperature at which the material will pour and a function of the composition of the oil in terms of waxiness and bitumen content Salt Content—which is not confined to sodium chloride, but usually is interpreted in terms of NaCl Salt is undesirable because of the tendency to obstruct fluid flow, to accumulate as an undesirable constituent of residual oils and asphalts, and a tendency of certain salt compounds to decompose when heated, causing corrosion of refining equipment Metals Content—heavy metals, such as vanadium, nickel, and iron, tend to accumulate in the heavier gas oil and residuum fractions where the metals may interfere with refining operations, particularly by poisoning catalysts. The heavy metals also contribute to the formation of deposits on heated surfaces in furnaces and boiler fireboxes, leading to permanent failure of equrpment, interference with heat-transfer efficiency, and increased maintenance. 

Cracking and Coking. The dilute bitumen is pumped into coker drums, where it is cracked to yield gas and crude oil overhead, which goes to the refinery. Residual coke contains all of the residual sand and clay which could not be removed in the final extraction, and therefore it is used only as a fuel for the boilers. 

Diacetone alcohol [123-42-2] (4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone) is an almost odorless ketone alcohol that is weakly acidic as a result of rearrangement to the enol form. It is miscible with water and organic solvents except aliphatic hydrocarbons. It acts as a good solvent for cellulose esters and ethers, alcohol-soluble resins, castor oil, and plasticizers. Poly(vinyl acetate) and chlorinated rubber are partially dissolved or swollen. Polystyrene, poly(vinyl chloride), vinyl chloride copolymers, dam-ar resins, resin esters, rubber, bitumen, mineral oils, ketone resins, and maleate resins are insoluble. Diacetone alcohol is used as a high boiler in stoving enamels to improve flow and gloss. 

Cyclohexanone [108-94-1] (Hexanone) is insoluble in water, miscible with organic solvents. It is a high boiler with very good solvency for cellulose nitrate, cellulose ethers and esters, colophony, shellac, alkyd resins, natural and synthetic resins, chlorinated rubber, rubber, vinyl polymers and copolymers, polystyrene, ketone and ketone-formaldehyde resins, fats, oils, waxes, blown oils, and bitumen. [14.268],... 

Uses Flotation agent for potash ores corrosion inhibitor germicide wetting agent softener emulsifier intermediate in textiles, water treatment, boiler water treatment, concrete, asphalt, agric. antistat in cosmetics filler dispersant in paper prod. pigment grinding aid/dispersant bitumen adhesion promoter ... 

Cocoyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline Myristamine Oleyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline Soyamine softener, baby care Polyquatemium-22 softener, bath care Cetyl Cl 2-15 pareth-9-carboxylate Cocamidopropylamine oxide Isopropyl C12-15-pareth-9-carboxylate Polyglyceryl-3 laurate Potassium cocoyl hydrolyzed keratin softener, bitumen Coumarone/indene resin softener, boiier water treatment Sodium phosphate softener, boiler waters Sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous softener, bubble baths Potassium cocoyl hydrolyzed collagen softener, building materials Isostearyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline softener, cellophane Ethylene glycol softener, cellulose paper Urea... 

Bitumen workers Boiler heaters Cannery workers... 

This is a complex refinery, with a light crude capacity of 8 Mt y and a heavy crude capacity of 1.2 million. It includes an FCC, a catalytic reformer, a visbreaker, a gas oil hydrodesulfurization unit, a naphthenic bitumen unit and a paraffinic oil unit. It is supplied by the water table for boiler make up (3.3-10 m y and by Seine river water for industrial and cooling water. Cooling is partly once-through and partly open recirculating. 

The use of bitumen or tar boilers can present a significant risk. Such fires are invariably due to ... 

One of the most interesting opportunity fuels related to petroleum coke is Orimulsion , a highly volatile product produced from Venezuelan crude oil. Orimulsion is a fuel used as a substitute for heavy oil in large utility and industrial boilers. It is conq>rised of 70 percent bitumen from the Orinoco belt in Venezuela, and 30 percent water. A surfactant, or stabilizing agent, is used as well. Mti ly the product Orimulsion 100 was marketed this product has been enhanced and a new formulation, Orimulsion 400 is being produced. The new formulation involves a different surfactant and the exclusion of magnesium nitrate from the product [56-58]. Orimulsion, like petroleum coke and the heavy oils and pitches previously discussed, is derived from crude oil and related products. 

A safe access route is required between the boiler and the point of use of the bitumen. 

A fire check must be made at the end of each work period, both in the area of the boiler and where the bitumen is laid. 

Those working with bitumen and boilers must be trained in the action to take in the event of fire, and in first-aid treatment and procedure for dealing with bitumen bums. 

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