Cellulose papers

Traditional electrophoresis paper, cellulose acetate or polymeric gels used as a supporting medium for the electrolyte solution enclosed tank with electrodes and buffer reservoirs dc power supply. 

Paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) constitute the planar methods mentioned above. Paper chromatography makes use of a sheet of paper having the consistency of filter paper (cellulose) for the stationary phase. Since such paper is hydrophilic, the stationary phase is actually a thin film of water unintentionally adsorbed on the surface of the paper. Thus, paper chromatography represents a form of partition chromatography only. The mobile phase is always a liquid. 

While other organic esters are commercially available, namely cellulose butyrate and cellulose propionate, by far the most widely used is cellulose acetate, which is available as plastics, in films, sheets, fibers, and lacquers. Cellulose acetate is used in the manufacture of display packaging and as extruded film for decorative signs, and to coat a variety of fibers. Injected molded products include toothbrush handles, combs, and brushes. It is also used in lacquers and protective coatings for metal, glass, and paper. Cellulose acetate films are used in reverse osmosis to purify blood, fruit juices, and brackish water. Some eyeglass frames are... 

Fibrous mat type filters include the frequently used paper (cellulose) fiber filter, for example, the Whatman paper filter, and glass fiber filters. A common fibrous mat filter used for sample collection and air cleaning is known as the HEPA filter (/zigh efficiency particulate air filter) and is made of a combination of cellulose and mineral fibers. A widely used type of fibrous mat filter is the high-volume filter, commonly referred to as Hi-Vol, shown in Fig. 11.56. A modification of the Hi-Vol filter to increase the total air flow allows the collection of sufficient particulate matter in relatively short time periods (e.g., 2 h) to cany out chemical analysis this is important for studies of the diurnal variation of various chemical components of the aerosol as well as for minimizing sampling artifacts (Fitz el ai, 1983). 

Benzofuran derivatives such as 2-cyanobenzofuran-5-sulfonic acid esters and amides have found wide application as color developers in photographic processes (44USP2350127). The substituted benzofurans (507), (508) and (509) are used as brightening agents in textiles, wool, paper, cellulose and nylon (53MI31201). 

Degradation of Cellulose, In Abstracts of Papers, Cellulose, Paper and Textile Div., Am. Chem. Soc., Appleton, WI, May, 1978. 

Paper chromatography uses paper (cellulose) as the stationary phase, to separate slightly polar organic compounds from each other it is used particularly in undergraduate laboratory experiments. 

In this paper, cellulose was reacted in hot-compressed water at different reaction temperatures and time using a reduced nickel catalyst. The aim of the study is to elucidate the overall reaction mechanism on the low temperature catalytic gasification and to get an insight into the hydrogen production. 

Williams and Feist (149) described the application of electron ESCA techniques to evaluate wood and cellulose surfaces that had been modified by aqueous chromium trioxide treatment. ESCA data showed at least 80% Cr(VI) to Cr(III) reduction on all substrates. Leaching experiments confirmed this reduction to a highly water-insoluble or fixed chromium complex on both wood and on filter paper (cellulose). Similar oxidation products were observed with wood and filter paper. These experiments indicate that chromium-cellulose and chromium-lignin interactions are involved in the mechanism of chromium(VI) stabilization of wood surfaces. 

A variety of powerful methods is available for fractionating short oligonucleotides. Work on nucleotide sequence analysis of small RNA molecules (n=80 or 120) and more recently viral RNA molecules (n= 3000) and even ribosomal precursor RNAs (up to 45 s) (Holley et al. 1965a Brownlee 1972 Maden et al. 1972) has stimulated the development of these procedures. They can also be used for synthetic oligonucleotides (e.g. Hachman and Khorana, 1969). The methods depend largely on chromatography and electrophoresis on filter papers, diethylaminoethyl(DEAE) paper, cellulose acetate, thin layers of cellulose or polyethyleneimine (PEI)-cellulose, or columns. 

FIGURE 23.4 Filter paper (cellulose) will dissolve in a concentrated ammonia solution containing [Cu(NH3)4] ions. When the solution is extruded into aqueous sulfuric acid, a dark blue thread of rayon (regenerated cellulose) precipitates. 

Blotting-paper made from cotton, paper shreds, tissue paper, cellulose as Used for paper making, and other raw materials have been suggested for the manufacture, but all have been discarded, and even celluloid and artificial silk makers use cotton, though paper is still largely used in the mitnulaetuco of celluloid. 

Sawing, cutting, tearing, e.g. paper fibres from paper (cellulosic) based products. 

Any laminate may consist of a number of plies selected from paper, cellulose, films, foil, coatings, tie layers, metallisation, etc. From previous pages the permutation possibilities are enormous. However this choice is restricted by ... 

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