Bisphenol A Bis

Polycarbonates with superior notched impact strength, made by reacting bisphenol A, bis-phenol S and phosgene, were introduced in 1980 (Merlon T). These copolymers have a better impact strength at low temperatures than conventional polycarbonate, with little or no sacrifice in transparency. These co-carbonate polymers are also less notch sensitive and, unlike for the standard bis-phenol A polymer, the notched impact strength is almost independent of specimen thickness. Impact resistance increases with increase in the bis-phenol S component in the polymer feed. Whilst tensile and flexural properties are similar to those of the bis-phenol A polycarbonate, the polyco-carbonates have a slightly lower deflection temperature under load of about 126°C at 1.81 MPa loading. 

The polymers used in this study were prepared by a nucleophilic activated aromatic substitution reaction of a bisphenate and dihalo diphenyl sulfone ( ). The reaction was carried out in an aprotic dipolar solvent (NMP) at 170°C in the presence of potassium carbonate (Scheme 1) (5,6). The polymers were purified by repeated precipitation into methanol/water, followed by drying to constant weight. The bisphenols used were bisphenol-A (Bis-A), hydroquinone (Hq) and biphenol (Bp). Thus, the aliphatic character of Bis-A could be removed while retaining a similar aromatic content and structure. The use of biphenol allows an investigation of the possible effect of extended conjugation on the radiation degradation. 

Bisphenol A [(bis-4-hydroxyphenol)dimethylmethane], used for the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonates, is obtained by the acidic condensation of phenol and acetone. Here, the carbonium ion produced by the protonation of acetone attacks the phenol molecule at the para position producing a quinoidal oxonium ion that loses water and rearranges to a p-isopropylphenol carbonium ion. The water attacks another phenol molecule, also in the para position, giving another quinoidal structure that rearranges to bisphenol A. It has been found that bisphenol A may be involved in one of the endocrine systems. The consequences of this are still being determined. 

The flame retardant mechanism of PC/ABS compositions using bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) and zinc borate have been investigated (54). BDP affects the decomposition of PC/ABS and acts as a flame retardant in both the gas and the condensed phase. The pyrolysis was studied by thermogravimetry coupled with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FUR) and nuclear magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. Zinc borate effects an additional hydrolysis of the PC and contributes to a borate network on the residue. 

K.H. Pawlowski, B. Schartel, M.A. Fichera, and C. Jager, Flame retar-dancy mechanisms of bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) in combination with zinc borate in bisphenol a polycarbonate/acrylonitri-le-butadiene-styrene blends, Thermochim. Acta, In Press, Accepted Manuscript, 2009. 

Zinc borate in PC/ABS and polyamide—when zinc borate is used in conjunction with bisphenol-A-bis-diphenyl phosphate in PC/ABS, it was reported that borophosphate and zinc phosphate were generated during polymer combustion.111 The formation of these materials could be beneficial for passing the more stringent Are tests, such as UL-95 5 V. When Firebrake 500 is used in conjunction with aluminum diethylphosphinate and melamine polyphosphate in polyamide, Schartel et al. reported the formation of boron aluminum phosphate in the condensed phase.112... 

Pawlowski and Schartel92 have added 1 or 5 wt % of boehmite to blends of PC/ABS with PTFE and RDP or bisphenol A bis(diphenylphosphate). The release of water from AlOOH influences the decomposition of the material by enhancing the hydrolysis of PC and RDP. Consequently, the condensed action of RDP or BDP is perturbed. The reaction of the arylphosphate with boehmite replaces both the formation of anhydrous alumina and alumina phosphate on the one hand, and the cross-linking of arylphosphate with PC on the other hand, since less phosphate is available to perform condensed-phase action. The reaction with arylphosphate therefore decreases the char formation, but the formation of aluminum phosphate could enhance barrier properties. On the whole, even high levels of fire retardancy can be achieved (V-0 ratings) the combination of boehmite with arylphosphates acting in the condensed phase seems very complex, particularly when the host polymer can undergo hydrolysis reactions due to water release. 

Synthesis. High purity bisphenol A (Bis-A) and 4,4 -dichlorosul-fone (DCDPS) were obtained from Union Carbide. 4,4 -Thiodiphenol (Bis-T) and 4,4 -sulfonyldiphenyl (Bis-S) were supplied by Crown Zellerbach. 4,4 -Difluorodiphenylsulfone was either obtained from Aldrich or by reaction of DCDPS with anhydrous KF. 

Poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-oxyethylene-co-oxypropylene) is used as a surfactant, dispersant, and wetting agent, while poly[bisphenol A bis(oxyranylmethyl) ether]-co-poly(dimethylsiloxane) is used as an epoxy resin. More complicated silicone copolymers also were synthesized such as the silicone polyetherimide shown below ... 

Flame retardants that are often nsed in polycarbonate/ABS plastics (such as in compnter indnstry) include nonhalogen triaryl phosphates, such as RDP [resorcinol bis (diphenyl phosphate)] and BDP [bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate)]. As BDP has lower phosphorus content compared to that of RDP, more of it should be used to match the flammability performance of RDP. In one particular study using polycar-bonate-ABS alloy, 9% of RDP or 12.3% of BDP was employed and showed equal to each other and excellent flame retardant properties [8]. 

Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) dimethylmethane. See BIsphenol A Bis (4-hydroiqrphenyl) dimethylmethane diglycidyl ether. See BIsphenol Adiglycidylether... 

Aluminum acetate Aluminum caprylate Aluminum distearate Aluminum myristates/palmitates Aluminum stearate Aluminum tristearate N-2-Aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane Aminoethylethanolamine Aminomethyl propanol Aminopropyltriethoxysilane Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane Ammonium benzoate Ammonium borate Ammonium citrate dibasic Ammonium laureth sulfate Ammonium laureth-5 sulfate Ammonium laureth-7 sulfate Ammonium laureth-12 sulfate Ammonium laureth-30 sulfate Ammonium lauryl sulfate Ammonium maleic anhydride/diisobutylene copolymer Ammonium oleate Ammonium persulfate Ammonium polyacrylate Ammonium potassium hydrogen phosphate Ammonium stearate Ammonium sulfamate Ammonium thiocyanate Ammonium thiosulfate Amyl acetate Antimony trioxide Asbestos Asphalt Azelaic acid 2,2 -Azobisisobutyronitrile Barium acetate Barium peroxide Barium sulfatej Bentonite Benzalkonium chloride Benzene Benzethonium chloride Benzothiazyl disulfide Benzoyl peroxide Benzyl alcohol Benzyl benzoate 1,3-Bis (2-benzothiazolylmercaptomethyl) urea 1,2-Bis (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyl) hydrazine 4,4 -Bis (a,a-dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine Bisphenol A Bis (trichloromethyl) sulfone Boric acid 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol 1,4-Butanediol Butoxydiglycol Butoxyethanol Butoxyethanol acetate n-Butyl acetate Butyl acetyl ricinoleate Butyl alcohol Butyl benzoate Butyl benzyl phthalate Butyidecyl phthalate Butylene glycol t-Butyl hydroperoxide... 

The free radical polymerisation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was studied by FT-Raman spectroscopy and that of bisphenol-A-bis(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) was studied by this technique and also by FTIR photoacoustic spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the conversion of C=C double bonds of the monomers exactly. 18 refs. 

Bisphenol A bis(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) was copolymerised with methyl derivatives of styrene (alphamethylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene and 60/40 3-methylstyrene/4-methylstyrene mixture) initiated by di-tert-butyl peroxide in the presence of 76 wt% of silica filler (quartz) at 150C-200C. The Raman bands of the carbon-carbon double bond stretching vibrations at 1630 and 1637/cm were found to be suitable for determining the conversion of double bonds of the styrene and methacrylate monomer simultaneously in dependence of the copolymerisation time. The carbonyl bands at 1702 and 1718 /cm were not suitable for assessing conversion of carbon-carbon double bonds. Relevance to polymerisable diluents for use with bisphenol A bis(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylate) in dental applications like restorative composite materials, sealants and adhesives, is suggested. 18 refs. 

Anionic polymerization of lactams offers the best approach to the preparation of polyamide containing block copolymers. Styrene-nylon 6 block copolymers were prepared by adding e-caprolactam to polystyrene macroanions terminated with bisphenol A bis(chlorofor-mate)(31). Yamashita prepared ABA block copolymers of styrene-a-pyrrolidone and styrene- -caprolactam by sequential addition to styrene macroanions( ). Similarly Stehlik and Sebenda prepared N-acrylamide containing block copolymers(33). Block copolymers of isoprene-pivalolactam have also been reported( . In these cases the lactam was added to "living" polyisoprene anions. 

Fyrolflex BDP from Akzo Nobel Chemicals has been shown to exhibit higher thermal properties and hydrolytic stability than other aryl phosphates, and to provide similar or better fire retardant performance than RDP. It is a bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) compound that provides good physical properties in formulations based on PC/ABS, HIPS and polyphenylene oxide/HIPS blends. Upon thermal decomposition of the flame-retarded polymers, phosphorus tends to accumulate in the solid residue, a result which indicates that the primary FR action of BDP is most likely to be in the condensed phase. 

The predominant bonding mechanism is mechanical retention and the most common bonding systems are either a composite, generally light-cured, or polyalkenoate cements similar to those used in restorative dentistry (see Adhesion in dentistry restorative materiais). In a recent development to minimize operator errors, the bracket base is pre-coated with the adhesive so that there is no mixing, no contamination and there is a controlled amount of adhesive. The adhesive is typically a lightly filled combination of bisphenol A diglycidyl dimethacrylate and bisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether)... 

Aryl phosphates [48,49] such as triphenylphosphate, resorcinol bis-diphenylpho-sphate, and bisphenol-A bis-diphenylphosphate with applications in engineering thermoplastics, and tricresylphosphate as a PVC flame-retardant plasticizer. 

Bisphenol A bis(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl) ether, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethaciylate resins were used for the development of dental adhesives. Halloysite nanotubes were incorporated as nucleating agent. At low levels, hal-loysite nanotubes act as nucleating agent, thus increasing crystallization of the material (as observed by the hardness improvement). ... 

Polymers containing thiocarbonylthio —S—CO—S— and oxycarbonylthio —O—CO—S— linkages (68) were prepared by catalyzed interfacial condensation of aliphatic dithiols, including 1,3-propanedithiol, 1,4-butanedithiol, and 1,6-hexanedithiol (3,234), or aromatic dithiols such as 1,3-dimercaptobenzen (1,3-benzenedithiol) [626-04-0] and 2,2-bis(4-mercaptophenyl)propane (BMP) (3, 235,236) with phosgene or bisphenol A bis(chloroformate) [2024-88-6] (235), respectively. 

Bisphenol A bis- fe- nol, - nol. fi- n OH-Ar-(CH3)2 -Ar-OH, a diol which reacts with epichlorohydrin to form bisphenol epoxy resins. (4,4 -isopropylidene-diphenol) An intermediate used in the production of epoxy, polycarbonate, and phenolic resins. The name was coined after the condensation reaction by which it may be formed - two (bis) molecules of phenol with one of acetone (A). 

PHA Bisphenol A-bis (1,2 dihydroxyprobyl)-ether novolac Acryl and methacrylic acid (vinyl ester) (vinyl ester) 50%... 

Tetrabroao-bisphenol-A-bis (2,3-dibrog propyl ether Fora White powder % Br 68... 

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